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Litiumaluminiumhidried

Eienskappe

Algemeen

Naam Litiumaluminiumhidried 
Sistematiese naam Litiumaluminiumhidried
Struktuurformule van
Struktuurformule van
Chemiese formule LiAlH4
Molêre massa 37,995 [g/mol][1]
CAS-nommer 16853-85-3  
Voorkoms Wit tot grys vastestof[1]
Fasegedrag  
Selkonstantes a=484,5(4) pm; b=782,6(4)pm; c=791,7(4)pm; β=112,5(2)° [2]  
Ruimtegroep P21/c[2] 
Nommer 13  
Schönfliess-simbool C42h
Smeltpunt 150 °C[1]
Kookpunt 184 (ontbind) °C[1]
Digtheid 0,917 [g/cm3][1]
Oplosbaarheid reageer met water

Suur-basis eienskappe

pKa

Veiligheid

Flitspunt

Tensy anders vermeld is alle data vir standaardtemperatuur en -druk toestande.

 
Portaal Chemie

Litiumaluminiumhidried (soms: litiumalanaat) is 'n gemengde hidried van litium en aluminium met formule LiAlH4.

Die suiwer verbinding is kleurloos maar deur aantasting deur vog in die lug sien dit meestal soos 'n grys poeier. Dit is 'n sterk reduseermiddel wat algemeen as reagens in die organiese chemie gebruik word.[3] Dit word soms LAH genoem.

Kristalstruktuur

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Litiumaluminiumhidried kistalliseer in 'n monokliniese struktuur. Die aluminiumatome word deur 'n tetraëder van hidriedione omring. Litium word deur vier waterstofatome op 'n afstand van minder as 200pm gekoördineer met 'n vyfde op effens groter afstand.[2]

Chemiese eienskappe

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Soos heelparty hidriede reageer dit heftig met sure en met water:

Dit word vervaardig deur litiumhidried en aluminiumchloried te laat reageer:[3]

Dit reduseer karbonielgroepe tot alkohole in aldehiede, ketone, organiese suurchloriede en esters, maar dit laat C=C doubbelbindings onaangetas.[1]

Sianiede word ook gereduseer en vorm amiene:

Met boortrifluoried in eter word litiumboorhidried gevorm:[4]

Maar met oormaat boortrifluoried word diboraan gevorm:

Verwysings

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  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 "Lithium Aluminium Hydride- LiAlH4". byjus. Besoek op 15 Augustus 2023.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 Natalie Sklar; Benjamin Post. "Crystal structure of lithium aluminum hydride". Inorg. Chem. 1967. 6 (4): 669–671.((cite journal)): AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (link)
  3. 3,0 3,1 "L" in: Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. 1994. pp. 579–608. doi:10.1515/9783110854039.579.
  4. James, B.D. and Wallbridge, M.G.H. (1970). Metal Tetrahydroborates. In: Progress in Inorganic Chemistry. doi:10.1002/9780470166123.ch3.((cite book)): AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (link)
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Litiumaluminiumhidried
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