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Basidiomycota

Basidiomisete
Basidiomisete uit Ernst Haeckel se Kunstformen der Natur van 1904.
Wetenskaplike klassifikasie e
Domein: Eukaryota
Koninkryk: Fungi
Subkoninkryk: Dikarya
Divisie: Basidiomycota
Moore, R.T. 1980[1]
Klasse
Agaricomycotina
Pucciniomycotina
Ustilaginomycotina
Klas Incertae sedis (geen onderverdeling)
Wallemiomisete

Die basidiomisete (Latyn: Basidiomycota) is 'n filum met ongeveer 30 000 lewende spesies, ongeveer 'n derde van alle fungi.[2] Hierdie groep omvang sampioene, brandswamme (Eng. smuts) en roesswamme (Eng. rusts).[2] Die basidiomisete is belangrike bydraers tot die funksionering van die ekosisteem en is belangrike afbrekers van verskillende komponente in hout, insluitend lignien.[2]

Die basidiomisete, tesame met askomisete, vorm die subkoninkryk dikaria binne die koninkryk Fungi.[3] Daar word dikwels na die basidiomisete en askomisete as die “hoër fungi” verwys.[3]

Basidiomisete is filamentagtige parasiete wat uit hifes (ook genoem swamdrade) bestaan, met die uitsondering van basidiomiseet-giste. Hulle vermeerder fisiek deur die ontwikkeling van eiesoortige knuppelvormige eindselle, wat basidia genoem word, en gereeld uitwendige meiospore (gewoonlik vier) vorm.[3] Hierdie spesifieke spore word basidiospore genoem.[3]

Klassifikasie

[wysig | wysig bron]

Daar is tans nie eenstemmigheid oor die klassifikasie van basidiomisete nie.[4] In 2008 het 67 mikoloë 'n klassifikasie aanvaar wat die filum basidiomycota in drie klasse verdeel: pucciniomycotina, ustilaginomycotina en agaricomycotina.[5] 'n Vierde klas word sedert 2019 voorgehou as deel van die basidiomisete, naamlik wallemiomisete.[4] Daarbenewens kan entorrhizomisete nog nie binne 'n klas van basidiomisete geplaas word nie.

In die verlede is basidiomisete in twee klasse (wat in onbruik verval het) verdeel, naamlik homobasidiomisete (wat “ware” sampioene insluit) en heterobasidiomisete (wat jellies, roesswamme en brandswamme insluit).[5]

Verwysings

[wysig | wysig bron]
  1. Moore, R. T. (1980). "Taxonomic proposals for the classification of marine yeasts and other yeast-like fungi including the smuts". Botanica Marina. 23: 371.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 László G. Nagy, Gergely Szöllősi, Fungal Phylogeny in the Age of Genomics: Insights Into Phylogenetic Inference From Genome-Scale Datasets, Advances in Genetics, Volume 100, 2017, pp. 49-72
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 https://www.longdom.org/open-access/classification-of-basidiomycota.pdf
  4. 4,0 4,1 He, M.Q. et al. 2019. Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity, (99):105-367. Beskikbaar by: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
  5. 5,0 5,1 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Basidiomycota
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Basidiomycota
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