For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
X理论和Y理论.
X理论和Y理论(英文：Theory X and Theory Y)，人力资源管理、组织行为学和社会心理学中关于工作激励的理论，由美国心理学家道格拉斯·麦格雷戈（Douglas McGregor）于1960年代提出。其中Y理論又被稱作人性本善理論[1]。
理论内容
这是一对完全基于两种完全相反假设的理论，X理论认为人们有消极的工作源动力，而Y理论则认为人们有积极的工作源动力。
| X理论
|
Y理论
|
- 基于古典管理理论中的“经济人”假设而提出
- 员工天性好逸恶劳，只要可能，就会躲避工作。
- 以自我为中心，漠视组织要求
- 员工只要有可能就会逃避责任，安于现状，缺乏创造性。
- 不喜欢工作，需要对他们采取强制措施或者惩罚办法，迫使他们实现组织目标
|
- 建立在“自我实现人假设”上
- 员工并非好逸恶劳，而是自觉勤奋，喜欢工作。
- 员工有很强的自我控制能力，在工作中执行完成任务的承诺。
- 一般而言，每个人不仅能够承担责任，而且还会主动寻求承担责任。
- 绝大多数人都具备做出正确决策的能力
|
- 持X理论的管理者会趋向于设定严格的规章制度，以减低员工对工作的消极性。
- 持Y理论的管理者主張用人性激發的管理，使個人目標和組織目標一致，会趋向于对员工授予更大的权力，让员工有更大的发挥机会，以激发员工对工作的积极性。
原則
人性本善的管理原則和方法
- 民主領導
- 人人參與
- 積極溝通
- 滿足需要
- 潛能發揮
- 適當授權
参考文献
- ^ Denhardt, Robert B. Managing human behavior in Public and Non-profit organizations. California, U.S.A: SAGE Publications, Inc. : 150. ISBN 9781412956673 （英语）.
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!
