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瓦伦特拉普反应

Varrentrapp反应(Varrentrapp reaction)

油酸(如氢氧化钾)在 250~300°C 作用,裂解为软脂酸乙酸氢气[1]


Varrentrapp反应
Varrentrapp反应


例如,肉桂酸经过反应,得到苯甲酸亚油酸与硬脂炔酸经过反应,得到肉豆蔻酸和少量的棕榈酸

用于脂肪酸的结构测定,很少用于合成。[2][3]

反应机理

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双键沿脂肪酸链自由迁移,或移向羧基或离开羧基。当按逆羟醛缩合和逆Claisen缩合类型进行裂解时,形成 α,β-烯酸。迁移过程为氢氧根离子先夺取双键烯丙位的氢原子,然后再在另一个烯丙位进行质子化。

α,β-烯酸裂解的过程为,氢氧根离子先与烯键加成为碳负离子,质子迁移得到 (6),然后 (6)裂解为烯醇负离子 (8)和 (7),烯醇负离子经酸化得到乙酸,醛则与另一个氢氧根离子发生亲核加成,去质子化得到双负离子,该双负离子发生一个类似的负氢转移,得到羧酸根离子和氢气。


Varrentrapp反应机理
Varrentrapp反应机理

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ F. Varrentrapp, Ann., 36, 196 (1840)
  2. ^ R. G. Ackman, Patrick Linstead, B. J. Wakefield and B. C. L. Weedon. Organic reactions in strong alkalis-I : Fission of ethylenic acids (the varrentrapp reaction). Tetrahedron. 1960, 8 (3–4): 221–238. doi:10.1016/0040-4020(60)80031-2. 
  3. ^ William A. Bonner, Robert T. Rewick. A Mechanism for the Cleavage of Unsaturated Acids with Molten Alkali. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84 (12): 2334–2337. doi:10.1021/ja00871a013. 
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瓦伦特拉普反应
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