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斯特雷克氨基酸合成反应

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斯特雷克氨基酸合成斯特雷克法Strecker synthesis)以发现者阿道夫·斯特雷克英语Adolph Strecker命名,[1][2]是一种常用的合成氨基酸的方法。用(或)与氯化铵氰化钾混合水溶液反应,生成α-氨基,再经水解,得到氨基酸。[3][4]

Strecker氨基酸合成
Strecker氨基酸合成

该法起初是用氢氰酸作试剂,但经尼古拉·泽林斯基改进后,用氯化铵和氰化钾代替了氢氰酸和氨,从而避免了直接使用氰化氢或氰化铵,反应后得到同样的产物。用氯化铵时反应生成伯胺;若用伯胺或仲胺反应,生成取代的氨基酸。用酮反应时,得到α,α-二取代的氨基酸。[5]

一般Strecker合成得到外消旋氨基酸,但最近有人利用不对称手性辅助剂[6]或催化剂[7][8],用这个反应成功合成了手性氨基酸。[9]

反应机理

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反应首先发生氨对羰基的加成,质子转移,得到半氨醛(即α-氨基醇)。质子化,水离去,氰离子进攻生成的亚胺离子,生成氰胺。而后氰胺水解为氨基酸。

Strecker synthesis part I Strecker synthesis part I
机理(I) 机理(II)

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Strecker, A. Ueber die künstliche Bildung der Milchsäure und einen neuen, dem Glycocoll homologen Körper. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmazie. 1850, 75 (1): 27–45. doi:10.1002/jlac.18500750103. 
  2. ^ Strecker, A. Ueber einen neuen aus Aldehyd - Ammoniak und Blausäure entstehenden Körper (p ). Annalen der Chemie und Pharmazie. 1854, 91 (3): 349–351. doi:10.1002/jlac.18540910309. 
  3. ^ Kendall, E. C.; McKenzie, B. F. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 1, p.21 (1941); Vol. 9, p.4 (1929). Article页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Clarke, H. T.; Bean, H. J. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 2, p.29 (1943); Vol. 11, p.4 (1931). Article页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  5. ^ Masumoto, S.; Usuda, H.; Suzuki, M.; Kanai, M.; Shibasaki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125(19), 5634-5635. doi:10.1021/ja034980+
  6. ^ Davis, F. A. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 9351.
  7. ^ Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122(5), 762-766. doi:10.1021/ja9935207
  8. ^ Huang, J.; Corey, E. J. Org. Lett. 2004, 6(26), 5027-5029. doi:10.1021/ol047698w
  9. ^ Duthaler, R. O. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 1539-1650. Review, doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)80840-1
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斯特雷克氨基酸合成反应
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