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主题:人类学


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人类学是研究人的學科。人類學源自於自然科學人文學社會科學。它的研究主題有兩個面向:一個是人類的生物性和文化性,一個是追溯人類今日特質的源頭與演變。民族誌同時指稱人類學的主要研究方法,以及依據人類學研究而書寫的文本。從事人类学研究的专家則称为人类学家。

自從法蘭茲·鮑亞士布朗尼斯勞·馬凌諾斯基十九世紀晚期與二十世紀早期從事人類學研究後,這個學科就和其他社會科學學科區分開來,人類學強調對脈絡的深度檢視、跨文化比較(社會文化人類學本質上就是一門比較研究學科),以及對研究區域的長期、經驗上的深入了解,這往往稱為參與觀察。文化人類學格外強調文化相對性,並運用其研究發現來建構文化批判。這在美國特別風行,源於法蘭茲·鮑亞士十九世紀種族主義的反對,經過瑪格麗特·米德(Margaret Mead)倡導性別平等與性自由,到當代對於後殖民壓迫的批評,以及對多元文化主義的提倡。

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人類学家
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主题:人类学
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