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HTTP參照位址.
「HTTP參照位址」的各地常用名稱 |
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中国大陸 | HTTP来源地址 |
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臺灣 | HTTP參照位址 |
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HTTP參照位址(referer,或HTTP referer)是HTTP表頭的一個欄位,用來表示從哪兒連結到目前的網頁,採用的格式是URL。換句話說,藉著HTTP參照位址,目前的網頁可以檢查訪客從哪裡而來,這也常被用來對付偽造的跨網站請求。
而dereferer則是將HTTP參照位址資訊剝離,所以網站將無法識別訪客從何而來。
拼写问题
Referer的正确英语拼法是referrer。这是早期HTTP规范当中存在的拼写错误,后来为保持向下兼容将错就错。例如DOM Level 2[1]、Referrer Policy[2]等其他网络技术的规范曾试图修正此问题,使用正确拼法,导致目前拼法并不统一。
概念与功能
當訪客訪問網頁時,HTTP參照位址(referer或referring page)是前一個網頁的URL。如果是圖片的話,通常指的就是圖片所在的網頁。在网页浏览器送往網頁伺服器的時候,HTTP參照位址就被包含在HTTP請求方法中。
網站會将參照位址记录以便追蹤使用者的動態或进行统计,大部分分析軟體也都會處理這個資訊。但因參照位址資訊可能會带来隐私权問題,不少网页浏览器允許使用者设置不要送出這個資訊,有些代理服务器和防火牆也會将參照位址資訊过滤掉,以避免外部获知非公開的网络地址。缺少參照位址資訊有可能會造成某些使用問題:某些伺服器會因為缺少正確的參照位址資訊而進行阻擋,以避免未經授權的圖片引用(图像防盗链)或是其他對伺服器有影響的行為。針對這樣的阻擋,有些軟體还提供了針對特定網站送出假来源位址的功能(反防盗链)。
外部連結
- RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1
- IRI – Internationalized Resource Identifiers
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