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大盆地

北美洲流域圖,大盆地內流區以橘色顯示

大盆地(英語:Great Basin)是北美最大的内流盆地。以其干旱贫瘠,以及复杂多变的地形而著称。它包括了北美最低点恶水盆地以及美国本土最高点惠特尼峰,横跨數個地理分組、生物群系和沙漠,它也是大盆地原住民英语Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin世代生存的地方。

概貌

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大盆地沙漠涵盖了内华达州的大部分,犹他州的半数面积以上,以及加利福尼亚州爱达荷州俄勒冈州怀俄明州的一部分,面积约20万平方英里(52.0万平方公里)。它不是一个单独的盆地,而是由一系列连续的流域组成的。

大盆地地區人口最多的兩大都市為西部的雷諾和東部的鹽湖城,而兩地之間卻人煙稀少,只有一些小城市。盆地南部則有棕櫚谷棕櫚泉维克多维尔

地形

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地形圖

大盆地主要地形包括山谷、山嶺、盆地和湖泊。[1]同時也包括了整個大盆地地形分區。大盆地附近地形包括大分水嶺、大分水嶺盆地和加利福尼亞灣

生態

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大盆地的大部份地區都是沙漠,同時包括一部份地中海氣候區。

動物群

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大盆地地區有叉角羚美洲獅土狼和一些兔類動物。更格卢鼠等小型齧齒類動物亦常見,但多為夜間活動。馬鹿大角羊則罕見。低海拔地區常見角蜥等小型蜥蜴。響尾蛇和牛蛇也是常見的爬行動物。濕地可見瓣蹼鹬和麻鹬,金字塔湖常見美洲白鹈鹕,而金雕哀鸠西美草地鹨、黑喙鹊和渡鴉在整地大盆地都為常見生物。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Basin and Range Province. Geologic Provinces of the United States. United States Geological Survey. 2004 [2009-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2009-01-25). 
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大盆地
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