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E1cB反应

共軛鹼單分子脫除反應,又縮寫為E1cB反应,(E代表消除 Elimination,1代表單分子 unimolecular,c代表共轭 conjugate,B代表 base)是消除反应的一种机理。反应中,先由夺取底物离去基团的β-生成碳负离子共轭碱),然后该共轭碱的离去基团离开,生成烯烃。总反应可用下面的通式表示(X代表离去基团,B:代表碱):

E1cB反应 通式
E1cB反应 通式

第一步反应为平衡反应,其速率较快,使底物很快与其共轭碱形成平衡。第二步为总反应的速率控制步骤,是较慢的一步。总反应的速率控制步骤只与一个分子有关,是单分子过程,因此称为“E1”反应。但是与E1反应相比,此类反应中发生消除的不是底物分子,而是底物的共轭碱,因此记为“E1cB反应”,全称“单分子共轭碱消除反应”。

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E1cB反应
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