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深伪技术

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深度偽造(英語:Deepfake),簡稱深偽,是英文「deep learning」(深度學習)和「fake」(偽造)的混成詞[1],專指基於人工智能人體圖像合成技術的应用。此技術可將已有的圖像或影片疊加英语Superimposition至目標圖像或影片上。偽造面部表情并將其呈現至目標影片的技術在2016年出現,此技術允許近實時偽造文書現有2D視頻中的面部表情[2]。为发展Deepfakes检测技术,Facebook联合微软举办全球Deepfakes检测竞赛[3]

技术背景

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换脸伪造是通过交换两张图像的人脸达到伪造身份的目的。传统上是采用基于图形学的3D模型重建追踪技术[4]。较新的研究则是采用深度学习来达到换脸效果,为了解决深度学习的训练难度和生成质量,又进一步融合了生成对抗网络技术[5]。表情伪造是将其他人脸图像的表情替换到目标人脸上,从而达到目标人物做指定表情的目的[5]。此外,换脸伪造和表情伪造还常常结合语音伪造技术。通过文本到语音合成和语音转换技术来制作虚假语音[5]

部分應用

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影劇深偽

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犯罪隱憂

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Deepfake常用來伪造名人性愛影片復仇式色情等等媒體[9]。帶色情成份的Deepfake作品於2017年間在互聯網上流出,特別是在Reddit[10]。此后Deepfake作品被RedditTwitterPornhub等網站所禁止[11][12][13]。Deepfake也可以用以製造假新聞及惡意惡作劇[14][15]。在YoutubeVimeo等流行的在線視頻流媒體網站上,可以很容易地找到非色情的Deepfake影片。[來源請求]FakeApp是一款使用TensorFlow開源軟件庫的Deepfake影片製作程式[16][17]

參閱

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參考資料

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  1. ^ Brandon, John. Terrifying high-tech porn: Creepy 'deepfake' videos are on the rise. Fox News. 2018-02-16 [2018-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-15) (美国英语). 
  2. ^ Thies, Justus. Face2Face: Real-time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videos. Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE. 2016 [2018-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-26). 
  3. ^ Deepfake Detection Challenge. [2021-03-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-17). 
  4. ^ Zollhöfer, M.; Thies, J.; Garrido, P.; Bradley, D.; Beeler, T.; Pérez, P.; Stamminger, M.; Nießner, M.; Theobalt, C. State of the Art on Monocular 3D Face Reconstruction, Tracking, and Applications. Computer Graphics Forum. 2018-05, 37 (2): 523–550. doi:10.1111/cgf.13382. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 李旭嵘; 纪守领,吴春明,刘振广,邓水光,程鹏,杨珉,孔祥维. 深度伪造与检测技术综述. 软件学报. 2021, 32 (2): 496–518 [2021-03-02]. doi:10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006140. (原始内容存档于2021-01-17). 
  6. ^ 《光荣时代》赵立新被“换脸”,“AI换脸”应用影视剧是福是祸. 中华娱乐网. 2019-10-09 [2021-10-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-20) (中文(简体)). 
  7. ^ 林奕如. 女星劉露大鬧車站「新戲被AI換臉」 五官浮臉上網嚇死:好恐怖!. ETtoday星光雲. 2020-03-24 [2021-10-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-20) (中文(繁體)). 
  8. ^ 張若昀老婆唐藝昕舊作冰凍4年終上檔 男主角淪劣跡藝人AI換臉撞《夢華錄》收視慘澹页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)上報 2022-06-08
  9. ^ What Are Deepfakes & Why the Future of Porn is Terrifying. Highsnobiety. 2018-02-20 [2018-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-14) (美国英语). 
  10. ^ Roettgers, Janko. Porn Producers Offer to Help Hollywood Take Down Deepfake Videos. Variety. 2018-02-21 [2018-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-10) (美国英语). 
  11. ^ It took us less than 30 seconds to find banned 'deepfake' AI smut on the internet. [2018-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10) (英语). 
  12. ^ Kharpal, Arjun. Reddit, Pornhub ban videos that use A.I. to superimpose a person's face over an X-rated actor. CNBC. 2018-02-08 [2018-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10). 
  13. ^ PornHub, Twitter Ban 'Deepfake' AI-Modified Porn. PCMAG. [2018-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-10) (英语). 
  14. ^ Experts fear face swapping tech could start an international showdown. The Outline. [2018-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16) (英语). 
  15. ^ Roose, Kevin. Here Come the Fake Videos, Too. The New York Times. 2018-03-04 [2018-03-24]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2019-06-18) (美国英语). 
  16. ^ FakeApp: Finally, a Program that Will Let You Seamlessly Put Donald Trump in Porn!. Reason.com. 2018-01-25 [2018-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-22) (英语). 
  17. ^ I’m using AI to face-swap Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, and I’m really bad at it. The Verge. [2018-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-24). 

外部連結

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深伪技术
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