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差分全球定位系统

差分全球定位系统Differential Global Positioning System,简称 DGPS差分GPS),是一种应用于全球定位系统中用以提高民用定位精度的一种技术。美国軍方基於國防安全的考量,避免敵對方使用衛星定位信號於武器用途,在广大用户所使用的标准定位服务(SPS)中人为地引入误差,即在所有的GPS工作卫星上实施选择可用性(SA)政策,使水平定位精度降低至100m(2dRMS),垂直定位精度为156m(2a),时间精度为175ns。尽管 SA 政策已于2000年5月1日停止使用,但是单点定位的精度也只有20-40m,这样的精度难以满足飞机导航、工程测量等方面的定位需求。差分全球定位系统技术解决了这种问题,提高了单点定位的精度。

原理

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差分GPS的原理。

在位置已精确测定的已知点上配备一台 GPS 接收机作为基准站并和用户同时进行 GPS 观测,将得到的单点定位的结果与基准站坐标比较,求解出实时差分修正值,以广播或数据链传输方式,将差分修正值传送至附近 GPS用户,以修正其GPS定位解,提高其局部范围内用户的定位精度。利用这一方法可以将用户的实时单点定位精度提高到米级。 能够应用这种方法的基础是: 在同一地区内,影响 GPS 实时单点定位精度的因素,如大气電離层延迟误差、卫星星历误差、卫星钟误差等,对基准站及其邻近用户的影响是相同或相近的。因此接收機與基準站的距離遠近,影響修正後的準確度,越遠修正的結果準確度越不好,尤其在接收機與基準站欠缺共同的衛星參考時會更為惡化。

参见

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参考文献

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差分全球定位系统
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