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Category:西戎八国

西戎八国是春秋秦穆公時西戎的八个较大的國家,即緜諸(今甘肃东部)、(今甘肃东部)、翟戎豲戎之戎(今陕西北部);岐山、梁山(今陕西韩城与洛川之间)、泾水、漆水以北有義渠(今甘肃宁县西北)、大荔(今陕西大荔东)、烏氏(今宁夏南部、甘肃东部)、朐衍(今宁夏盐池一带),皆位於陇山(今六盘山)附近。[1]

秦穆公知戎国大夫由余有才能,遂用计拜其为上卿。由余为穆公出谋划策,帮助秦国攻伐西戎。秦穆公三十年(前623),攻伐兼并西戎十二国,开地千里,秦遂称霸西戎[2]

战国时期,义渠戎与秦国为臣属关系,得到休养生息,势力为西戎各国之首,筑城郭以自守。秦厉共公三十三年(前444),秦攻义渠,并俘获义渠戎王。秦惠文王更元十一年(前314)再攻义渠,得二十五城,灭乌氏戎,置乌氏县(今宁夏泾源县境)。昭襄王三十五年(前272),宣太后诱杀义渠戎王,秦灭义渠国,于其地设北地郡。秦遂夺取甘肃东部、宁夏中部、南部和陕西北部[3]

  1. ^ 《史记-匈奴列传》:秦穆公得由余,西戎八国服于秦,故自陇以西有绵诸、绲戎、翟、獂之戎,岐、梁山、泾、漆之北有义渠、大荔、乌氏、朐衍之戎。
  2. ^ 《韩非子·十过》:由余归,因谏戎王,戎王弗听,由余遂去之秦。秦穆公迎而拜之上卿,问其兵势与其地形。既以得之,举兵而伐之,兼国十二,开地千里。
  3. ^ 历史沿革. 彭阳县人民政府. [2020-07-15]. 
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Category:西戎八国
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