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ADCC作用

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ADCC作用(抗体依赖的细胞介导(媒介)的细胞毒性作用,英語:antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity,缩写ADCC)是一种细胞介导的免疫防御机制,在靶细胞膜表面抗原结合了特异性的抗体的情况下,激活免疫系统的效应细胞裂解靶细胞的作用。因其对已存在的抗体的依赖性,ADCC作用是适应性免疫反应的一部分,也是体液免疫反应的一部分,用于限制和消除感染。

依赖抗体的细胞毒性

经典的ADCC作用由自然杀伤细胞(NK)介导,巨噬细胞中性粒细胞嗜酸性粒細胞(嗜酸性球)也能介导ADCC作用。比如嗜酸性粒細胞(嗜酸性球)能通过ADCC作用杀死某些特定的寄生虫

NK细胞的ADCC作用

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经典的ADCC作用涉及抗体对NK细胞的激活。NK细胞表面表达有CD16分子,或称为FcγRIII,是一种Fc受体,能识别并结合于抗体(如IgG)的Fc端,从而结合到病原体感染的靶细胞表面。一旦Fc受体与IgG的Fc区域结合,自然杀伤细胞就会释放细胞因子(如IFN-γ)和细胞毒性颗粒,包括穿孔素颗粒酶,进入靶细胞触发细胞凋亡

嗜酸性粒细胞的ADCC作用

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有些寄生虫的细胞大小已经超过吞噬作用所能吞噬的范围,它们也有一个外部结构或覆盖物英语Integument,耐受由中性粒细胞巨噬细胞所释放物质的攻击。而在IgE定位在这些寄生虫上后,嗜酸性粒细胞Fc受体(FceRI)会识别这些IgE,随后发挥作用杀死寄生虫。

参考文献

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延伸阅读

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ADCC作用
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