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龙门山断层

30°N 105°E / 30°N 105°E / 30; 105

美国地质调查局地图-四川地震区域内的龙门山断层几十个余震点
該圖显示了该地区地震发生的地方(紅點),地震普遍發生在龙门山山脉的边缘

龙门山断层中国西南部龙门山的一个逆冲断层,位于青藏高原东缘,四川盆地西缘。自西向东由龙门山后山断裂、龙门山主中央断裂、龙门山主边界断裂三条平行的断裂带组成,东北-西南走向,长约500公里,宽达70公里,是地震多发区。

成因

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欧亚板块由于遭到印度-澳洲板块朝向北略偏东方向的积压,形成巨大的青藏高原隆起。青藏高原以每年10-15毫米的速度向东流动,在龙门山一带受到坚硬的四川地块的阻挡,积聚了大量的构造应力,形成了断层。该断层在不断受到青藏高原挤压的情况下,成为逆冲运动的多发区,因而易于发生地震。

现状

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龙门山断层自1657年4月21日之后,不甚活跃,在300多年间其发生地震的频率不及附近的鲜水河断层,强度也从未超过里氏6级,因此曾被认为是已逐渐沉寂的古老断层。但是2001年青藏高原北缘的昆仑山发生8.1级大地震,此后青藏高原对亚欧板块主体的主要挤压方向从北部转向东部,龙门山断层和周边其他断层均受到影响,重新活跃。2008年5月12日,该断层发生汶川大地震,造成69,227到300,000人死亡,374,643人受伤,17,923人失踪。2013年4月20日,该断层发生7.0级雅安地震,造成196人死亡。

参考文献

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外部链接

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参见

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龙门山断层
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