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田午

田齊桓公
統治前374年—前357年
出生前400年
逝世前357年[1]
安葬
不明
谥号
孝武桓公
政权田齊

田午(前400年—前357年),戰國時期田氏齊國第三任國君,當時稱陳侯午,《竹書紀年》作田侯午,《史記》等後世史料作田齊桓公,完整諡號田齐孝武桓公[2][3],單字謚號為桓公,因與“春秋五霸”之一的姜齊齊桓公小白相同,故史稱田齊桓公齊桓公午。又因相傳他曾於臨淄的「蔡邑」(今山東淄博市臨淄區敬仲鎮)建宮殿居住,因此也稱蔡桓公

生平

田齊桓公本名田午,是太公和與孝大妃之子,史載他「弒其君及孺子喜而為公」,意思是說他殺了兄長田剡而自立。其在位時曾創建稷下學宮,招攬天下賢士,聚徒講學,著書立說。一時人才薈萃,彬彬大盛,齊宣王時規模達到鼎盛。

相傳名醫扁鵲曾為他看病,在起病由輕到重衍變時連勸了三次,田午因為諱疾忌醫而不聽,後來扁鵲再來時,現其已病入膏肓,無法醫療;扁鵲只得轉身而退,並連夜逃往秦國,不久田午就病發去世。《韓非子·喻老》有“扁鵲見桓公”的故事,因相傳桓公午曾在臨淄的「蔡邑」建宮殿居住,所以按當時的習慣又稱齊國為蔡國(並非周朝所封真正的蔡國),所以齊桓公又稱蔡桓公

在位年與西曆對照表

参考资料

  1. ^ 《田齊君主生卒年考》-國學數典页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。
  2. ^ 《陳侯因資鋅銘》曰:「隹正六月,癸未,陳侯因資曰,皇考孝武桓公,恭哉,大慕克成。」
  3. ^ 童書業《春秋左傳研究》附錄 周代謚法 第385頁。
前任:
齐侯剡
齊国君主
前374年—前357年
繼任:
齊威王
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田午
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