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黄震 (哲学家)

宋文潔先生黃公震(清代畫家虞琴所繪,出自《四明人鑑》)

黄震(1213年—1281年),东发浙江慶元府慈溪县人,南宋末年哲学家东发学派的创始人。世称於越先生,身后又称“文洁先生”。

生平

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黄震是南宋寶祐四年(1256年)进士,授迪功郎、吳縣尉,咸淳三年(1267年)任史馆检阅,預修宋寧宗、宋理宗兩朝《國史》、《實錄》,因論當時弊政,直言当时大弊为民穷、兵弱、财匮及士大夫无耻[1],建议停办僧道度牒,触怒度宗,連降三級。隔年出任广德军通判。改为绍兴府通判。歷官抚州知州江西提点刑狱、提举浙东常平茶盐、侍郎官等官职,为权豪所忌。黄为官有清名,并以直言果敢著称于世。

黄震曾参与南宋宁宗、理宗两朝《国史》、《实录》的修纂。学宗程朱,兼综叶适“功利之学”,反对空谈义理,学术上大胆批判理学“人心道心”、“即心即道”论。力抵王安石

南宋灭亡后黄震隐居定海县灵渚乡泽山(今浙江慈谿市龙山镇)等地,專心著作,室名曰“歸來之廬”,自称“非圣人之书不观,无益之诗文不作”。饿死于鄞县宝幢山[2]。葬於慈溪县鸣鹤乡钱家岙,门人私谥曰“文洁先生”,并建湖山书院(今浙江慈谿市龙山镇湖山村)来纪念他。

1975年,在今慈谿市观海卫镇杜岙村西埠头出土了黄震的墓志,上面详细记述了黄震的生平,可补充正史记载之不足,现由慈谿市文管会收藏。

著作

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《黄氏日钞》、《古今纪要》、《戊辰修史传》、《礼记集解》、《春秋集解》等。

注釋

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  1. ^ 《黃氏日鈔》卷六九:“民日益窮,兵日益弱,財日益匱,士大夫日益無恥!”
  2. ^ 《宋元学案》東發學案

参考

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延伸閱讀

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[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:四明人鑑·宋浙東提舉文潔先生黃公震》,出自《四明人鑑》
维基文库中的相关文本:宋史/卷303》,出自脱脱宋史
维基文库中的相关文本:宋史·卷438》,出自脱脱宋史
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黄震 (哲学家)
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