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黄蹼洋海燕

黄蹼洋海燕
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 鸌形目 Procellariiformes
科: 南海燕科 Oceanitidae
属: 洋海燕属 Oceanites
种:
黄蹼洋海燕 O. oceanicus
二名法
Oceanites oceanicus
Kuhl, 1820
 分佈範圍(藍色)

黄蹼洋海燕(学名:Oceanites oceanicus)是海燕科的一种小型海鸟。是全球最广为分布的鸟类之一,主要生活在南半球的极地附近,夏季也会向北迁徙到北半球。估计全球有超过五千万对黄蹼洋海燕。[2]黄蹼洋海燕的英文名为Wilson's storm petrel,用以纪念一位美籍苏格兰鸟类学家Alexander Wilson。

外观

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黄蹼洋海燕是一种小型海鸟,体长16-18.5厘米,翼展38-42厘米。除了臀部和侧腹部为白色之外,其余全身羽毛均为深棕色。黄蹼洋海燕的翼下有明显的浅色条带状纹路。[3]指间的蹼呈黄色,亚成体的蹼上有黑色斑点。[4][5]

分布

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黄蹼洋海燕在南极洲的海岸线及附近岛屿上繁殖。非繁殖期时,他们则是生活在大海上,当南半球的冬季来临时则会北上。相比太平洋,他们在大西洋更加常见。在非繁殖期时,黄蹼洋海燕是一种典型的远洋鸟类,再加上他们的繁殖地处南极,因此人们平时很难在陆地上看到他们。

行为

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和其他很多鹱类一样,黄蹼洋海燕常贴近海平面低飞,捕食海面附近的猎物。即使风平浪静,他们也能利用海浪鼓起的微风飞行,并使用长腿帮助稳定身形。[6]黄蹼洋海燕是高度群居的动物,也会跟随海船飞行。当他们觅食时会发出轻微的吱吱声。他们主要以海面的浮游无脊椎动物为食,很少跳入水里抓捕猎物。有时也会捕猎3-8厘米的小鱼。[7]

黄蹼洋海燕的平均体重为40克,是南极最小的温血动物。[8]他们在靠近大海的岩缝或小洞穴里筑巢繁殖,一次只产一枚卵。[9]有时候,鸟巢会被积雪覆盖而被毁,甚至有时幼鸟也会因此死亡。在繁殖地,黄蹼洋海燕是严格的夜行性动物,甚至还会避免在月光明亮的夜晚外出,以逃避鸥和贼鸥的捕食。雌雄亲鸟均会喂养幼鸟。成鸟可以通过气味在黑暗中找到自己的巢。

參考資料

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  1. ^ BirdLife International. Oceanites oceanicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [26 November 2013]. 
  2. ^ Newton, Ian (1998). Population limitation in birds. Academic Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780080879239.
  3. ^ Flood, Robert L.; Thomas, Bryan (2007). "Identification of ‘black-and-white’ storm-petrels of the North Atlantic" (PDF). British Birds 100 (7): 407–442.
  4. ^ Quillfeldt, Petra; Schmoll, Tim; Peter, Hans-Ulrich (2000). "The use of foot web coloration for the estimation of prebreeder numbers in Wilson's storm-petrels, Oceanites oceanicus". Polar Biology 23 (11): 802–804. doi:10.1007/s003000000167.
  5. ^ Harrison, Peter (1983). "Identification of white-rumped North Atlantic petrels". British Birds 76 (4): 161–174.
  6. ^ Withers, P.C. (1979). "Aerodynamics and hydrodynamics of the 'hovering' flight of Wilson's Storm Petrel" (PDF). J. Exp. Biol. 80: 83–91.
  7. ^ Croxall, J.P.; North, A.W. (1988). "Fish prey of Wilson's storm petrel Oceanites oceanicus at South Georgia (Antarctica)" (PDF). British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 78: 37–42.
  8. ^ Obst, B.S.; Nagy, Kenneth A.; Ricklefs, Robert E. (1987). "Energy Utilization by Wilson's Storm Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus)". Physiological Zoology 60 (2): 200–210.
  9. ^ Gladbach, A.; Braun, C.; Nordt, A.; Peter, H-U; Quillfeldt, P. (2009). "Chick provisioning and nest attendance of male and female Wilson's storm petrels Oceanites oceanicus" (PDF). Polar Biology 32 (9): 1315–1321. doi:10.1007/s00300-009-0628-z.
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黄蹼洋海燕
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