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散尾葵

散尾葵
散尾葵
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目: 棕榈目 Arecales
科: 棕榈科 Arecaceae
属: 马岛棕属 Dypsis
种:
散尾葵 D. lutescens
二名法
Dypsis lutescens
(H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf., 1995
異名[2]
  • Areca flavescens Voss, 1895
  • Chrysalidocarpus baronii var. littoralis Jum. & H.Perrier, 1913
  • Chrysalidocarpus glaucescens Waby, 1923
  • Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H.Wendl., 1878

散尾葵学名Dypsis lutescens),又称黄椰子[3][4],为棕榈科马岛棕属[2]下的一个种。其种加词lutescens”意为“浅黄色的”。

特征

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本种高度可达6至12米,茎从基部开始分支,呈多支干,为丛生灌木,茎有分节,叶片聚生于支干顶端。

羽状复叶长约2至3米,上有40到60对小叶,小叶微曲、长约35到50厘米、宽约1到1.5厘米[5]

花长于叶鞘底下,为圆椎花序,分支2、3次,花序全长约80厘米,分支则长约20到30厘米,上有多枝小穗。花为黄色,细小,旋生于小穗轴上,雌雄异花,有3片花瓣及3片萼片,雄蕊6个,花柱短、柱头粗,子房只有一室。[5]

果实单果,为倒卵形,长约1.5到1.8厘米,外表光滑,橙黄色,干枯则呈黑紫色。种子内有空腔,包裹于果皮纤维之中。[5]

分布

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原生于马达加斯加,为当地特有种。主要分布于马达加斯加东岸沿着白沙丘的沼泽地一带,但也可在海拔超过300米的冲积地区找到[1][6]

本种作为观叶植物被广泛引种到世界各地,成为常见的家居植物[1][6]

保护状况

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在马达加斯加,其原生栖息地受人类土地开发活动所威胁,且野生植株经常因当地园艺市场需求而被人采集,野外种群数量整体呈下降趋势,因此,《国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》将其列为近危物种[1]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rakotoarinivo, M. & Dransfield, J. 2012. Dypsis lutescens页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2015.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). In: The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) [2015-1-25].
  3. ^ 散尾葵 Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl.. 中国植物物种信息数据库. 昆明: 中科院昆明植物研究所. [2013-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). (简体中文)
  4. ^ 黄椰子 Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Bory Wendl.. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-01-24] (中文(台湾)). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 裴盛基,陈三阳.散尾葵[A].见:中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志 第十三卷(第一分册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:125
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf. 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2010-05-29.. In: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: 存档副本. [2010-12-25]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-29).  (01 February 2015)
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散尾葵
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