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墨卡托級數

數學內,墨卡托級數Mercator series)或者牛頓-墨卡托級數Newton–Mercator series)是一個自然對數泰勒級數

使用大寫sigma表示則為

當 −1 < x ≤ 1時,此級數收斂於自然對數(加了1)。

歷史

這級數被尼古拉斯·墨卡托牛頓和Gregory Saint-Vincent分別獨立發現。首先被墨卡托出版於其1668年時的著作Logarithmo-technica

推導

這級數可以由泰勒公式導出,藉由不斷地計算第n次ln xx = 1時的微分,一開始是

或者,我們可以從有限的等比數列開始(t ≠ −1)

這可以導出

然後得到

接著逐項積分,

若−1 < x ≤ 1,餘項會在時趨近於零。


這個表示法可以重複積分k次,得到


這裡的

都是x的多項式。[1]

特例

令墨卡托級數裡面的x = 1,則我們會得到交錯調和級數

複數級數

下面的複數冪級數

是ln(1 + z)的泰勒級數,這裡ln代表複對數complex logarithm)的主要分支(principal branch)。這個級數收斂於一個開放的單位圓盤 |z| < 1 以及圓 |z| = 1 , z = -1除外 (根據阿貝爾判別法),而且這裡的收斂對每個半徑小於一的圓盤一致的

參考資料

  1. ^ Medina, Luis A.; Moll, Victor H.; Rowland, Eric S. Iterated primitives of logarithmic powers. 2009. arXiv:0911.1325可免费查阅. 
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墨卡托級數
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