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鹰嘴豆

鹰嘴豆
左:孟加拉种;右:欧洲种
發芽
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目: 豆目 Fabales
科: 豆科 Fabaceae
亚科: 蝶形花亚科 Faboideae
属: 鹰嘴豆属 Cicer
种:
鹰嘴豆 C. arietinum
二名法
Cicer arietinum
異名[1]
  • Cicer album hort.
  • Cicer arientinium L. [Spelling variant]
  • Cicer arientinum L. [Spelling variant]
  • Cicer edessanum Bornm.
  • Cicer grossum Salisb.
  • Cicer nigrum hort.
  • Cicer physodes Rchb.
  • Cicer rotundum Alef.
  • Cicer sativum Schkuhr
  • Cicer sintenisii Bornm.
  • Ononis crotalarioides M.E.Jones

鹰嘴豆学名Cicer arietinum)又名馬豆桃尔豆鸡心豆雞豆等,原产自东南土耳其,逐渐驯化扩展至黎凡特地区,目前是地中海、中东、印度菜系的主要成分;而于 2019 年,印度占全球鹰嘴豆产量的 70%[2]。在欧洲食用鹰嘴豆也十分普遍,此食材時常出現在小說裡面,也是维吾尔医常用药材。[3]因其形狀奇特,尖如鹰嘴,故得鷹嘴豆之名。

鹰嘴豆的淀粉具有板栗香味。白色的品種在口感和外型上都與蓮子相似[4]。 鹰嘴豆粉加上奶粉制成豆乳粉,易于吸收消化,是婴儿和老年人的营养食品。鹰嘴豆还可以做成各种点心和油炸豆。籽粒可做利尿剂、催奶剂、可治疗失眠,预防皮肤病和防治胆病。淀粉广泛用于造纸工业和纺织工业。

营养价值

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鷹嘴豆(成熟的種子,煮熟、無鹽)
每100 g(3.5 oz)食物營養值
686 kJ(164 kcal)
27.42 g
4.8 g
膳食纖維7.6 g
2.59 g
飽和脂肪0.269 g
單元不飽和脂肪0.583 g
多元不飽和脂肪1.156 g
8.86 g
维生素
維生素A equiv.
(0%)
1 μg
硫胺(維生素B1
(10%)
0.116 mg
核黃素(維生素B2
(5%)
0.063 mg
菸鹼酸(維生素B3
(4%)
0.526 mg
(6%)
0.286 mg
吡哆醇維生素B6
(11%)
0.139 mg
葉酸(維生素B9
(43%)
172 μg
維生素B12
(0%)
0 μg
维生素C
(2%)
1.3 mg
维生素E
(2%)
0.35 mg
维生素K
(4%)
4 μg
膳食礦物質
(5%)
49 mg
(22%)
2.89 mg
(14%)
48 mg
(24%)
168 mg
(6%)
291 mg
(0%)
7 mg
(16%)
1.53 mg
其他成分
60.21 g
參照美國標準的相對百分比
成人每日的参考膳食摄入量(DRI)
來源:(英文)美國農業部營養数据库

鹰嘴豆有许多栽培品种,名称各异,例如:gram(Bengal gram)、garbanzo(garbanzo bean)、Egyptian pea 等等。鹰嘴豆属于高营养豆类植物,富含多种植物蛋白和多种氨基酸维生素、粗纤维及等成份。其中纯蛋白质含量高达28%以上,脂肪5%,碳水化合物61%,纤维4-6%,鹰嘴豆含有10多种氨基酸,其中人体必需的8种氨基酸全部具备,而且含量比燕麦还要高出2倍以上。籽粒作为主食或甜食,也可炒熟食用,也可制作罐头或蜜饯等风味小吃,鲜豆做菜也可生吃。广泛适用于蒸、煮、炒或泡汤,是糖尿病高血压肾虚体弱者理想的健康食品。

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species. [22 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-02). 
  2. ^ Chickpea production in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists). UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2022 [18 February 2022]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-11). 
  3. ^ 鹰嘴豆可提取抗肿瘤蛋白质和多肽. 科学网. 2012-07-03 [2012-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-02). 
  4. ^ https://consumer.fda.gov.tw/Food/detail/TFNDD.aspx?f=0&pid=205

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外部链接

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鹰嘴豆
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