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鱗木科

鳞木科
化石时期:石炭紀
鱗皮木的化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
纲: 石松綱 Lycopodiopsida
目: 水韭目 Isoetales
科: 鳞木科 Lepidodendraceae

鱗木科(学名:Lepidodendraceae)是水韭目下的一,其下植物與石松目植物類似,是樹木狀的植物。在石炭紀時頗為興盛,形成廣大的蕨類雨林。它們的高度可達30米(98英尺),直徑超過1米(3英尺3英寸)。其遺骸在地底下經長久的化學及物理作用後,形成現代人類最重要的燃料資源煤炭天然氣

形態

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俄亥俄州上石炭統的鱗木外模

鱗木科的植物體高大、粗壯而只在頂部有一個巨大的樹冠。葉子狹長,呈螺旋狀排列。其軀幹最初是原生中柱,外部的木質部首先成熟,上層軀幹為韌皮在外的管狀中柱,木質部夾在兩層韌皮部中間。[1]

軀幹上有密集的菱形葉座,從化石上來看類似輪胎鱷魚。這些葉座有氣孔,含有葉綠素。因此據推測其軀幹應該是綠色的。[2]

樹枝末端是毬果形狀的組織,但是這個組織不產生種子而是孢子。其生長速度很快,壽命約為10至15年。其中的一些物種可能一生只結一次果。[2]

圖片

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ Bold, Harold C.; C. J. Alexopoulos; T. Delevoryas. Morphology of Plants and Fungi 5th. New York: Harper-Collins. 1987: 496–503. ISBN 0-06-040839-1. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Behrensmeyer, Anna K.; et al.. Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1992: 240. ISBN 0-226-04155-7. 

擴展

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  • Davis, Paul and Kenrick, Paul. Fossil Plants. Smithsonian Books, Washington D.C. (2004).
  • Morran, Robin, C.; A Natural History of Ferns. Timber Press (2004). ISBN 0-88192-667-1
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鱗木科
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