For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 魚龍屬.

魚龍屬

魚龍屬
化石时期:三叠纪晚期至侏儸紀早期,208.5–182.7 Ma
尋常魚龍的化石标本
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 鱼龙目 Ichthyosauria
科: 鱼龙科 Ichthyosauridae
属: 魚龍屬 Ichthyosaurus
de la Beche & Conybeare, 1821
模式種
尋常魚龍 Ichthyosaurus communis
Conybeare, 1822
其它種
  • 中型鱼龙 I. intermedius Conybeare, 1822
  • 短頭魚龍 I. breviceps Owen, 1881
  • 科尼比尔鱼龙 I. conybeari Lydekker, 1888
  • 西拉蒙鱼龙 I. ceramensis Conybeare, 1822
  • 安宁鱼龙 I. anningae Lomax & Massare, 2015
  • 拉氏魚龍 I. larkini Lomax & Massare, 2017[1]
  • 薩默塞持魚龍 I. somersetensis Lomax & Massare, 2017[1]

魚龍屬(屬名:Ichthyosaurus),希臘文意思為“魚類蜥蜴”,是種已滅絕海生爬行動物。魚龍的化石發現於比利時英格蘭德國瑞士,生存年代為侏儸紀早期(赫唐階錫內穆階)。魚龍屬於魚龍目,該目名稱來自於本屬動物。牠們是魚龍類最著名的屬。[2] [3] [4]魚龍的第一個完整化石,是在1800年代早期發現,由瑪麗·安寧(Mary Anning)發現於英格蘭。

古生物學

[编辑]
頭骨化石
魚龍與人類的體型相比圖

魚龍較牠們的近親體型小,身長2公尺。在德國侯茲馬登侏儸紀岩層發現了數百具保存良好的魚龍化石。有些骨頭仍保持自然形態。有些化石有胚胎體樣本在身體裡,顯示魚龍以及另一種魚龍類是胎生。在魚龍的近親狹翼魚龍Stenopterygius)上也有類似的發現。[5] [6]這些德國的化石也透露了魚龍皮膚的外形,顯示牠背上有肉質的背鰭,以及大型尾鰭。其他魚龍類化石顯示這些特徵魚龍以外也有物種擁有這些特徵。

魚龍的耳骨很堅硬,可能將震動傳至內耳。視力是魚龍的主要獵食能力,牠擁有巨大、靈敏的眼睛,由骨環保護著。魚龍的糞便化石顯示牠們以魚類魷魚為食。

科學家最初認為魚龍在陸上產卵,後來的化石證據顯示雌性魚龍直接產下幼體,幼體的尾巴先經過產道,以防止在水中溺死。魚龍已成為完全的水生動物。[5]

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Dean R. Lomax; Judy A. Massare. Two new species of Ichthyosaurus from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian) of Somerset, England. Papers in Palaeontology. 2016,. Online edition. doi:10.1002/spp2.1065. 
  2. ^ Maisch MW, Matzke AT. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 298: 1-159
  3. ^ McGowan C, Motani R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia. – In: Sues, H.-D. (ed.): Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Part 8, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 175 pp., 101 figs., 19 plts; München
  4. ^ Maisch MW, Reisdorf AG, Schlatter R, Wetzel A. 2008. A large skull of Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of Frick (NW Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101: 617-627.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Böttcher R. 1990. Neue Erkenntnisse über die Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Ichthyosaurier. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 164: 1-51
  6. ^ Martill D.M. 1993. Soupy Substrates: A Medium for the Exceptional Preservation of Ichthyosaurs of the Posidonia Shale (Lower Jurassic) of Germany. Kaupia - Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte 2: 77-97
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
魚龍屬
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?