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骨舌鱼科

骨舌魚科
化石时期:99.6–0 Ma
雙鬚骨舌魚Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目: 骨舌鱼目 Osteoglossiformes
科: 骨舌魚科 Osteoglossidae
Bonaparte, 1846
模式属
骨舌魚屬
Osteoglossum
Cuvier, 1829
[1][2]
  • Anaedopogon
  • Foreyichthys
  • †聶爾庫魚屬 Nieerkunia
  • Osteoglossidarum
  • †犁齒魚屬 Phareodus
  • Ridewoodichthys
  • Taverneichthys
  • †手取魚屬 Tetoriichthys
  • 骨舌魚亞科 Osteoglossinae
    • 骨舌魚屬 Osteoglossum
    • 硬骨舌魚屬 Scleropages

骨舌鱼科学名Osteoglossidae),是一种下颌具鬚,体侧扁,腹部有棱突的古老淡水鱼种群,属于骨舌鱼目,广泛分布在南美洲,澳洲以及东南亚的热带和亚热带地区。因为其体形长而有鬚,酷似中国神话中的龙,故俗称龙鱼,在东南亚地区是非常受欢迎的一种观赏鱼。

特性

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龙鱼性格凶猛,以小鱼、青蛙、昆虫为食,生性好躍,生活水温要高,尤其繁殖期间,需保持27-28℃,亲鱼将卵含在口中孵化。龙鱼大约包括以下几种:

分類

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骨舌鱼科下分2個屬[1][2],如下:

Macroprosopon

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  • Macroprosopon hiltoni Capobianco, Zouhri & Friedman, 2024[3]

骨舌魚屬(Osteoglossum

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  • 雙鬚骨舌魚 Osteoglossum bicirrhosum :又稱銀龍魚。
  • 費氏骨舌魚 Osteoglossum ferreirai :又名黑龙鱼,和银龙鱼基本相似,是产于南美洲,但幼鱼是黑色,有白色条纹,当长大后,颜色逐渐脱落,变得和银龙鱼相似。

硬骨舌魚屬(Scleropages

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  • 美麗硬骨舌魚 Scleropages formosus (Müller & Schlegel, 1840)[4]:又稱金龍魚、亚洲龙鱼,原产于东南亚,浑身金色,没有银龙鱼长,也是五层鳞片,类似于金条,大受华人商业家的欢迎,主要取其吉利。此外金龙鱼有几个不同颜色的变种-“红龙鱼”、“绿龙鱼”、“黄尾龙鱼”等,金龙鱼系列已接近灭绝,是受保护品种。
  • 馬來硬骨舌魚 Scleropages inscriptus Roberts, 2012:又名圖騰龙鱼
  • 喬氏硬骨舌魚 Scleropages jardinii (Saville-Kent, 1892):又名珍珠龙鱼,分佈於澳大利亞北部和新幾內亞,和银龙鱼不同的是有七行鳞片,鳞片的边和里面颜色不同,如同身上有一个个小珍珠闪亮。
  • 利氏硬骨舌魚 Scleropages leichhardti Günther, 1864:又名星點珍珠龙鱼,基本和珍珠龙鱼相似,但鳞片上有圆的红色斑点,也是产于澳大利亚。
  • 三水金龙鱼 Scleropages sanshuiensis [5]
  • †中华金龙鱼 Scleropages sinensis Zhang & Wilson, 2017[6]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Betancur-R, R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, and G. Ortí. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 (存档副本. [2015-08-09]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-14). ).
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2016). Osteoglossidae. FishBase. Version 2016-07.
  3. ^ Alessio Capobianco, Samir Zouhri and Matt Friedman. 2024. A Long-snouted marine Bonytongue (Teleostei: Osteoglossidae) from the early Eocene of Morocco and the Phylogenetic Affinities of Marine osteoglossids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlae015. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae015
  4. ^ van Oijen, Martien J. P. & Sancia E. t. V. D. Meij. 2013. The Types of Osteoglossum formosum Müller & Schlegel, 1840 (Teleostei, Osteoglossidae). Zootaxa. 3722(3): 361-371.
  5. ^ 金龙鱼属(Scleropages: Osteoglossomorpha)一新种. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所. [2023-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-31). 
  6. ^ Jiang-Yong Zhang and Mark V H Wilson. 2017. First Complete Fossil Scleropages (Osteoglossomorpha). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 55(1); 1–23

外部链接

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骨舌鱼科
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