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骨品制度.
骨品制度(朝鮮語:골품 제도/骨品制度 golpum jedo)是古代新羅社會實行的階級制度,將國人分為聖骨「純王族」、真骨「具王族血統的貴族」、頭骨、六頭品、五頭品、四頭品、三頭品、二頭品、一頭品八個等級,其中四頭品或以上為貴族,三頭品或以下為平民,根據不同等級分別制定出擔任官職的最高限度。
起初,王位的襲承只有最顯貴的聖骨血統家族才可參與選拔,後因聖骨血統已斷絕,故由真骨出身的金春秋登上王位。同時,原來只賜予京師六部之內的門閥貴族的京位也可賜予地方家族,九世紀的張保皋出任京城相職便是一例。此時的京位和外位已無嚴格的本質區別。日本氏姓制是模仿它之后產生[來源請求]。
骨品
|
外位
|
等級
|
京位
|
讀法
|
別名、 備考(※)
|
真骨
|
|
1
|
伊伐飡[註 1]
|
이벌찬
|
伊罰干、于伐飡、角干、角餐、舒發翰、舒弗邯
|
|
2
|
伊尺飡
|
이척찬
|
伊飡
|
|
3
|
迊飡
|
잡찬
|
迊判、蘇判
|
|
4
|
波珍飡
|
파진찬
|
海干、破弥干
|
|
5
|
大阿飡
|
대아찬
|
※大阿飡以上的官位由真骨擔任、其他宗族不得擔任。
|
六頭品
|
|
6
|
阿飡
|
아찬
|
阿尺干、阿餐 ※從重阿飡至四重阿飡,共設有四個階層。
|
嶽干
|
7
|
一吉飡
|
일길찬
|
乙吉干
|
述干
|
8
|
沙飡
|
사찬
|
薩飡、沙咄干
|
高干
|
9
|
級伐飡
|
급벌찬
|
級飡、及伏干
|
五頭品
|
貴干
|
10
|
大奈麻
|
대나마
|
大奈末 ※從重奈麻至九重奈麻,共設有9個階層。
|
選干
|
11
|
奈麻
|
나마
|
奈末 ※從重奈麻至七重奈麻共設有7階層。
|
四頭品
|
上干
|
12
|
大舍
|
대사
|
韓舍
|
干
|
13
|
舎知
|
사지
|
小舍
|
一伐
|
14
|
吉士
|
길사
|
稽知、吉次
|
一尺
|
15
|
大烏
|
대오
|
大烏知
|
彼日
|
16
|
小烏
|
소오
|
小烏知
|
阿尺
|
17
|
造位
|
조위
|
先沮知
|
- ^ 《三國史記》,井上秀雄 譯註,1980年、p. 35.
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