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馬芳.
馬芳(1518年—1581年),字德馨,别號蘭溪,蔚州(今河北蔚縣)人。明朝將領。
嘉靖八年己丑(1529年),年僅十一歲被蒙古韃靼部落掠走,為人放牧十二年。嘉靖十九年庚子(1540年)乘狩獵之機,逃回中原。時周尚文鎮守大同,收留他為隊長。以軍功,從小旗、試百户、指挥佥事、指挥同知、都指挥佥事、游击将軍,一直升到左參将、分守宣府西路,三十四年(1555年)三月调守大同東路。嘉靖三十六年(1557年)擢蓟鎮副总兵,分守建昌諸處[1]。蒙古兵犯遵化、玉田,馬芳因抗擊不力,被降职二级,貶為都督佥事。嘉靖三十八年(1559年)九月,黄台吉入寇宣府,馬芳被调任協守宣府副总兵,以斩獲功升二级,復原职左都督。三十九年(1560年),與俺答部七戰皆捷,累積戰功,拜总兵官,配征西将军印,镇守宣府。嘉靖四十五年(1566年)十月,俺答以十萬騎兵犯萬全右衛,馬芳在馬蓮堡迎敵,令大開堡門,俺答部疑有伏兵,不敢輕入。入夜,馬芳下令出擊,於拂曉大破敵兵。《明史·馬芳傳》稱「大小百十接,身被數十創,以少擊眾,未嘗不大捷」,“威名震邊陲,為一時將帥冠”;詩人尹耕有詩:“威名萬里馬將軍,白髮丹心天下聞”。
隆慶四年(1570年),馬芳调任大同总兵官,萬曆元年(1573年)被言官弹劾去职。三年(1575年),召入为前軍都督府佥書。六年(1578年)復任宣府总兵官。九年二月十八日卒于官,享年六十四岁。生三子:馬棟、馬椿、馬林。
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《明史卷二百一十一》,出自《明史》
- ^ 《明故特进榮禄大夫前軍都督府左都督蘭溪馬公墓誌銘》
賜進士出身翰林院国史编修同修会典经筵官口口劉元震撰
賜進士出身嘉議大夫浙江按察使司按察使郡人郝杰書
賜進士出身中憲大夫陕西按察司兵备副使蒲坂任彬篆
萬曆九年二月十八日,左都督馬公以总兵官镇守宣府,終于位。按状:公諱方,字德馨,姓馬氏,别號蘭溪,陕西靈州人也。其上世隐德弗燿。曾祖訓、祖鑑、父文通,始以公貴,俱贈特进榮禄大夫、左都督。母魏氏,赠一品夫人。嘉靖己丑,公纔十一齡耳,被虜驅塞外去,略無懼色,虜奇之,得不害。居虜地十二年,具諳邊事。歲庚子,乃脱歸至大同。時有周总戎者,收置幕下,遂見任用。总督軍門檄取俾領勇士,值虜從古北口入,俘斩有功,授陽和衛左所小旗。嗣是御虜于威远盐場、新平堡、野马川,斩獲獨多。先賜冠帶并衣一袭,尋授試百户,升本卫指挥佥事。……公生正德十三年五月十五日,距卒享年六十有四歲。配師氏,封一品夫人,生三子:曰栋,蔚州守备,娶祁氏;曰椿,卫指挥,娶王氏;曰林,卫指挥,娶孫氏。孫男二、孫女二,俱幼。公嗣栋等以萬曆九年十二月廿四日,于蔚城西龍虎崖奉公柩卜兆安厝焉。
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