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马姜

马姜(34年—106年8月20日)是东汉伏波将军、新息忠成侯马援之女,东汉明德皇后之姐;东汉开国二十八功臣之一胶东刚侯贾复儿媳,其夫即贾复第五子贾武仲

贾武仲妻马姜墓记

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马姜的名字不见于史籍,根据《后汉书》记载,仅知马援在49年逝世后,留有三个年幼的女儿,最小的女儿就是汉明帝皇后。1929年马姜的墓志《贾武仲妻马姜墓记》出土洛阳邙山王窑村,是目前所知中国年代最早的墓志。该墓志最初由罗振玉收藏,现收藏于辽宁博物馆,但已风化,惟有拓片传世。

据墓志记载,其夫是同为光武中興功臣的胶东侯贾复第五子贾武仲,贾武仲死于永平七年七月廿一日(64年8月22日),虚岁二十九,时年马姜虚岁二十四岁。之后便寡居,独自抚养两人所生的四个女儿成人。后来马姜的长女与次女为汉明帝贵人[1],罗振玉认为汉章帝的生母贾贵人即其中之一,杨树达则认为贾贵人是贾武仲前妻的女儿。马姜第三女嫁给鬲侯朱某,高文认为这个鬲侯是朱祐之孙朱演,马姜最小的女儿嫁给阳泉侯刘某。

延平元年(106年)七月四日(8月20日)马姜逝世,是时虚岁七十三岁。九月十日(10月24日)葬于贾氏家族墓地,并刻石纪念。

注释

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  1. ^ 原文称“显节园贵人”,显节园指汉明帝的陵园显节陵,用以指代汉明帝。

参考资料

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  • 高文《汉碑集释》河南大学出版社 , 1997 ISBN 7-81041-119-5 / K877.424 20-24页
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马姜
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