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馬倫哥尼效應

馬倫哥尼效應是指在流體界面,因為表面張力梯度而造成的傳質現象。這種現象最早是由義大利物理學家卡羅·馬倫哥尼首先在1865年論文中研究發表的,所以以此命名。

當兩種液體相接觸時,表面張力強的液體对周围液体的拉力更强,因此會出現表面張力弱的液體向強的液体方面滲透的现象。同一種溶液會因為濃度低而增強表面張力,所以濃溶液也會滲透到稀溶液中。

在简单情况下,流速 ,其中 是表面张力差, 是液体的粘度。室温下,水的表面张力约为 0.07 N/m,粘度约为 10−3 Pa s。因此,即使水的表面张力发生百分之几的变化,也能产生近 1 m/s 的馬倫哥尼流。因此,馬倫哥尼流很常见并且很容易被观察到。

馬倫哥尼效應在研究生物學細胞體液輸送上有非常重要的作用,此外工業上晶片乾燥也要應用這個理論。

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馬倫哥尼效應
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