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馬曰琯 .
《清代學者像傳 》第一集之馬曰琯 马曰琯 (1688年—1755年),字秋玉 ,号嶰谷 ,安徽 祁门县 人。清朝藏书家。
生於康熙二十七年(1688年 )。[ 1] 本籍祁门,祖父马承运始业盐两淮,马曰琯自小居扬州新城东关街 ,世代经营盐业,马曰琯与弟馬曰璐 皆以诗名於當時,人称“扬州二马”。酷愛典籍,[ 2] 好刻書,时称“马板”,[ 3] 有园亭“小玲珑山馆 ”,[ 4] 藏書十萬餘卷,[ 5] “四方人士闻名造庐,授餐经年,无倦色”,名士全祖望 、厉鹗 、陈绶衣、杭世骏 、金农 、郑板桥 、陈章 等都是常客。[ 6] 全祖望住在小玲瓏山館,得了惡疾,馬曰琯出資為他延請名醫治療。舉博學鴻詞的吳興人姚世钰 客死揚州,马氏兄弟为姚氏料理後事,並刊刻其遗著《莲花庄集》。馬曰琯更出资千金赞助朱彝尊 刊刻《经义考 》,還替郑板桥 还清债務,袁枚 说马曰琯“横陈图史常千架,供养文人过一生”。馬曰琯與査慎行 齊名,有“南馬北査”之眷。
雍正十二年(1734年),独资兴建梅花书院 。[ 7] 乾隆帝南巡 时,赐御书。乾隆二十年(1755年)卒,年六十八。杭世骏 在寫马曰琯墓志铭称:“以济人利物为本怀,以设诚致行为实务。”“倾接文儒喜交久敬,意所未达,辄逆探以适其欲。”著有《沙河逸老小稿》。有子馬裕。[ 8]
^ 馬曰琯的生年可由杭世駿為其撰寫的墓誌銘可以得知。查杭世骏《道古堂全集》卷四十三《朝议大夫候补主事加二级马君墓志铭》所载曰:“君讳日及旬竟不起,春秋六十有八,时乾隆乙亥六月二十一日也。”杭世駿記馬曰琯卒於乾隆二十年乙亥(1755年),享年六十八。由此推算,馬曰琯的生年應為康熙二十七年(1688年)。
^ 沈德潛 《沙河逸老小稿》序
^ 李斗 :《扬州画舫录》卷十
^ 《清史稿 ·文苑傳》寫道:“揚州馬曰琯小玲瓏山館富藏書,鶚久客其所,多見宋人集。”
^ 全祖望 :《鲒埼亭集外编》卷十七《藂书楼记》
^ 杭世骏《鸫擻后录》曰:“马氏小玲珑山馆,储书之富,著于糸南。半植与兄离谷,并撞清才,沉酣深造,不仅充渔猎之資。吾浙如类榭、芰浦、谢山诸先生,成主其家。竹西觞咏之盛,于斯为最。”
^ 柳诒征 《江苏书院志稿》中说:“两淮盐利甲天下,书院膏火资焉。故扬州之书院,与江宁省会相颉颃,其著名者有安定、梅花、广陵三书院。省内外人士咸得肄业。”王振世在《扬州览胜录·卷六》中说:“安梅两院,自清以来校课士子,不限于一郡一邑,故四方来肄业者,颇多通人硕士,而其后名满天下者,亦不可胜数。……可谓极人才之盛矣。”
^ 李斗 《扬州画舫录》卷四云:马曰琯子“名裕,字元益,号话山,工诗文,尤精于长短句。”
杭世骏 《朝议大夫候补主事加二级马君墓志铭》
明光,〈清代揚州「二馬」家世考〉,《揚州大學學報》(人社版)第11卷第2期,2007年3月,頁123-128
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