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馬扎亞斯

馬扎亞斯的硬幣

馬扎亞斯(?—前328年),為波斯阿契美尼德帝國的貴族。也是大流士三世時的巴比倫尼亞總督。

馬扎亞斯先前曾擔任過奇里乞亞的總督,後來奇里乞亞交給阿薩米斯管理,馬扎亞斯轉任巴比倫尼亞總督。前331年,當亞歷山大大帝東征時,馬扎亞斯參與高加米拉戰役,並且統帥波斯軍右翼,下轄敘利亞米底美索不達米亞帕提亞塔巴里斯坦塞克(Saka)、赫卡尼亞、卡帕多細亞阿爾巴尼亞等部隊以及亞美尼亞騎兵。在戰役中,馬扎亞斯藉著人數優勢,向馬其頓左翼進行迂迴,對敵軍側翼進行攻擊,使馬其頓左翼指揮官帕曼紐陷入困境,馬扎亞斯幾乎獲得對馬其頓軍左翼的勝利。但因亞歷山大大帝率騎兵直接插入波斯軍左翼的缺口,大流士三世落荒而逃,因發全軍敗退。馬扎亞斯無法重整部隊,才撤離戰場。

戰後,馬扎亞斯向亞歷山大獻出巴比倫,亞歷山大仍令他為巴比倫尼亞總督。馬扎亞斯的未婚妻是大流士三世的女兒斯妲特拉二世,但斯妲特拉二世等大流士家眷在伊蘇斯戰役後淪為馬其頓軍的俘虜,加上馬扎亞斯很早就去世,斯妲特拉二世便在蘇薩集體婚禮中嫁給亞歷山大大帝。

有些學者認為亞歷山大石棺(Alexander Sarcophagus)是為馬扎亞斯所製作的。

參考資料

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馬扎亞斯
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