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介音

介音(prenuclear glide)是汉语語音學的术语,指在汉语音节的构成中位於辅音和主要元音之間的過渡音,都是闭元音。介音又叫介母,与韵腹韵尾并提时则也称韵头[1]

汉语的介音

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汉语共有3个介音:/i/(衣/i/ㄧ[2]), /u/(乌/u/)和/y/(淤/u, ü或yu/ㄩ)。对于零聲母音节,如果采用中国大陆的小学汉语拼音教学方案,就无所谓介音而只讲韵母或“整体认读”,但如果承认零声母也具有一定的辅音音值,则介音仍然存在。充当主要元音(韻腹)的/i/, /u/和/y/不再看作介音。在北方官话的三响复元音音节中,介音的音值总是与尾音(韵尾)不同,即不存在/jaɪ/之类,但在其他方言中可能存在。

与充当尾音的元音的普遍弱化不同,介音要求发音饱满清晰,舌位稳定准确;而和主要元音相比,通常只是音长较短、音强稍弱(/weɪ/等例外)。

介音體系圖表

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音節   语音学   音韻学
音節起頭
(Onset)
韻身
(Rime)
声母
(Initial)
韻母
(Final)
韻頭
(介音)
(Medial)
韻身
(Rime)
拼音 IPA 韻腹
(Nucleus)
韻尾
(Coda)
韻腹
(Nucleus)
韻尾
(Coda)
a ʔä ʔ ä   ʔ ä
yue ʔɥœ ʔ ɥœ   ʔ ɥ œ
wai ʔwaɪ ʔ waɪ   ʔ w a ɪ
ang ʔɑŋ ʔ ɑ ŋ ʔ ɑ ŋ
yan ʔjæn ʔ n ʔ j æ n

相關條目

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參看

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脚注

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  1. ^ 吳瑾瑋,"漢語中的介音、擦音和變調:從優選理論分析(Prenuclear Glides, Fricatives and Tone Changes in Mandarin: An Optimality Theory Approach)"[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),國立清華大學語言學研究所,2002.
  2. ^ 括号内的标注依次为例字/汉语拼音/注音符号。后例同此。
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