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韻律岩

更新世 纹泥。 地點 Scarborough Bluffs, 多倫多, Ontario, 加拿大.
Touchet Formation 中的明顯分層。 地點:小峽谷,Walla Walla 山谷,Lowden, Washington

韻律岩(英語:rhythmites) 是一種沉積岩層,具有明顯的周期性和規律性[1]。 它們的沉積是受年度的週期性(例如季節性)、短週期性(例如潮汐) [2]或長週期性(例如洪水) [3][4]等變化而造成的沉積物。 韻律岩是研究在地質時代中地球演變的主要證據之一,例如對海平面變化、冰川變化[5]和地球軌道變化等,都能提供有利證據。而且研究這些變化均有助于解釋有關氣候變化的問題。

年度韻律岩

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年度層狀沉積物 (季節泥) 是具有年度週期性的韻律岩:這種沉積物是受季節性變化的降雨量或氣溫而形成的,這兩種因素會影響降水率,因而影響流水中的碎屑物。 在韻律石中,研究古氣候變化最重要的依據是季節泥。季節泥 也是地層學中能分辨出最細的地層[6]

韻律岩的週期性

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除了年度以外的周期性。韻律岩也受其他周期性的影響。例如短周期性的潮汐[2]和長周期性的冰川或洪水等。 潮汐韻律岩 研究表明在石炭紀地層中,有反應潮汐週期性的韻律岩,包括半日潮、日潮或小潮、大潮週期的韻律岩。這些早期韻律岩與現代韻律岩相當。 例如在加拿大芬迪灣和法國聖米歇爾灣的沉積物中的韻律岩[2]。在猶他州大楊木峽谷的風暴山地區的韻律岩,反應出與潮汐週期一致的海平面波動的沉積物。

冰川韻律岩

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另一種韻律岩是由冰川大壩決口引起的間歇性洪水所沉積的。例如米蘇拉的洪水氾濫和其所造成的湖泊變形的周期平均是 55 年,在 15,000 到 13,000 年前的 2,000 年期間,洪水發生了大約 40 次。這與由韻律岩所觀察到的55 年周期性相符[3] [4]

海平面韻律岩

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由冰川引起的海平面變化而造成的韻律岩,它的周期很長。例如,第四紀的冰期導致海平面高度變化範圍從 127 米到 163 米。在賓夕法尼亞期和二疊紀的韻律岩中,已鑒定出因冰川消退和推進而導致的海侵和海退的韻律岩[7]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ R. Mazumder and M. Arima (2005)Tidal Rhythmites and their implications, Earth-Science Reviews, Vol。69 ,P。79–95
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 B.W. Flemming and A. Bartholoma (1995). Tidal signatures in modern and ancient sediments. Blackwell Science, Oxford. ISBN 9780865429789.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 "Walla Walla Level 1 Watershed Assessment" (PDF). WRIA 32 Watershed Plan. Walla Walla Watershed Management Partnership. Retrieved 1 September 2009
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Bjornstad, Bruce (2006). On the Trail of the Ice Age Floods: A Geological Guide to the Mid-Columbia Basin. Keokee Books; San Point, Idaho. ISBN 978-1-879628-27-4.
  5. ^ Hambrey, M. J.; Harland, Walter Brian (1997). Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record. Cambridge earth science series. ISBN 978-0-521-22860-2. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  6. ^ Hambrey, M. J.; Harland, Walter Brian (1997). Earth's pre-Pleistocene glacial record. Cambridge earth science series. ISBN 978-0-521-22860-2. Retrieved 7 September 2009
  7. ^ Washburn, Albert Lincoln (1997). Plugs and Plug Circles: A Basic Form of Patterned Ground, Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada - Origin and Implications. Geological Society of America, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-8137-1190-4. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
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韻律岩
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