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非編碼DNA

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非編碼DNA(non-coding DNA,ncDNA)谑称“垃圾DNA”,是指不包含製造蛋白質指令,或是只能製造出無轉譯能力RNADNA序列。此類DNA在真核生物基因組中佔有大多數。有很长的一段时间科学家认为非编码DNA没有作用,因此这些重复的DNA片段曾被冠以「垃圾DNA」的称号。随着时间的推移,科学家对垃圾DNA的认识逐渐深入,慢慢地发现很多垃圾DNA有其独特的作用,它们在基因剪切等方面起重要的作用。[1]

近年的證據顯示,非編碼DNA可被編碼DNA製造出來的蛋白質利用。一項實驗發現某些非編碼DNA與編碼DNA同樣重要,因為當植物體內某一段非編碼DNA遭受損傷時,會使葉片結構發生顯著改變,原因在於某些與葉片結構有關的蛋白質,需要來自非編碼DNA片段(內含子)的訊息;還有一些非編碼DNA是可以控制基因何時何地表現的基因開關。

此外,有些非編碼DNA,可能是一些RNA病毒感染後所遺留下來的痕跡。

註釋

  1. ^ Pennisi E. Genomics. ENCODE project writes eulogy for junk DNA. Science. September 2012, 337 (6099): 1159–1161. PMID 22955811. doi:10.1126/science.337.6099.1159. 

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非編碼DNA
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