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青州之战

青州之战,467年(刘宋泰始三年、北魏天安二年)至469年(刘宋泰始五年,北魏皇兴三年),刘宋与北魏在青州(今山东北部、东部)地区进行的一场争夺战,青州等地尽失于北魏。

467年二月,北魏乘刘宋争权内乱之机,派平东将军长孙陵等率兵开赴青州,征南大将军慕容白曜率领骑兵5万为继援。慕容白曜軍至无盐(今山东东平县东),想要攻打无盐城,部将认为攻具未备,不宜进攻。左司马郦范则认为轻军远袭、深入敌境,对方必以为魏军是为了掠地,而无暇攻城,不会有多少准备,故主张引兵假退,出其不意,突击无盐。慕容白曜依计而行,于三月初一日夜间部署,拂晓时分兵临城下,发起进攻,占领无盐,擒杀刘宋守将、东平郡太守申纂。接者,慕容白曜将攻刘宋肥城(今山东肥城市),郦范指出肥城虽小,但要攻占它也要耗费时日,今无盐已破,不如飞书告谕,纵使不降,也会逃走。慕容白曜同意,肥城守军果然弃城而逃,魏军获粟米30万斛以资军需。继而又攻取垣苗、糜沟二城(今山东西部),一旬之中连克四城,声威大震。八月,慕容白曜从瑕丘(今山东省济宁市兖州区东北)引兵攻刘宋历城(今山东济南市),守将崔道固城拒魏,坚守不降,慕容白曜围困历城。长孙陵等率军攻刘宋东阳(今山东青州市),守将沈文秀请降,长孙陵等入东阳西廓,纵兵暴掠。沈文秀见状反悔,闭城拒守,反击魏军,长孙陵等退屯清水以西,多次攻打东阳不克。468年二月,慕容白曜攻克历城东廓,崔道固出降。三月,慕容白曜进军东阳。八月,宋明帝以沈文秀之弟、征北中兵参军沈文静为辅国将军,统高密等五郡军事,自海路救东阳。兵至不其城(今山东青岛市崂山区西北),为魏军所阻,只得保城自固。魏军攻打,不克。十二月,魏军攻下不其城,杀沈文静,进入东城西廓。469年正月,东阳被魏军围困三年,沈文秀在外无救援的情况下,和士卒一起昼夜苦战,将士无一离叛。魏军继续强攻,破城而入,俘获沈文秀,慕容白曜将其锁送平城(今山西省大同市东北)。自此,刘宋青州、冀州之地尽入北魏[1]

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青州之战
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