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雷诺应力

流体动力学中,雷诺应力流体总应力张量的分量,该分量是通过对Navier-Stokes方程进行平均运算获得的,以解释流体动量湍流波动。

定义

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使用雷诺分解可以将流速场分为平均部分和波动部分。我们有

是具有分量的流速矢量在里面坐标方向(与表示坐标向量的分量 )。平均速度由时间平均、空间平均或整体平均确定,具体取决于所研究的流量。更远表示速度的波动(湍流)部分。

我们考虑一种均质流体,其密度ρ被视为常数。对于这样的流体,雷诺应力张量的分量τ' ij定义为:

对于恒定密度,雷诺应力分量的另一个(经常使用)定义是:

它的量纲是速度的平方,而不是应力。

平均和雷诺应力

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为了说明,使用笛卡尔向量索引表示法。为简单起见,考虑不可压缩流体

给定流体速度作为位置和时间的函数,将平均流体速度写为, 速度波动为 .然后 .


平均的传统集合规则是

欧拉方程(流体动力学)纳维-斯托克斯方程分为平均部分和波动部分。人们发现,在对流体方程进行平均后,右侧的应力出现了 的形式,这就是雷诺应力,通常写成

这种应力的散度是由于湍流波动而作用在流体上的力的密度。

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雷诺应力
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