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雷德克里夫線

1909年英属印度帝国的宗教分布,与该线大致吻合
1947年印巴分治时及以后的人口迁移

雷德克里夫線(英語:Radcliffe Line)是于1947年8月17日公佈的印巴分治的分界線。雷德克里夫線是以其設計者第一代拉德克利夫子爵西里爾·拉德克利夫命名的。[1]

1947年7月15日,英國國會通過了《1947年印度獨立法案英语Indian Independence Act 1947》,法案還規定英屬印度將被分為兩個新的政治實體。在一個月之後,1947年8月14日和15日,巴基斯坦印度先后独立。按照两国理论,巴基斯坦是一個伊斯蘭教國家,而印度的大多數人口則信仰印度教。[2][3]按照蒙巴顿的说法,雷德克里夫本人尽管从未访问过印度却被安排划定边界,是因为这样能够保证其不被双方影响其公正和中立。[3]雷德克里夫線的劃定時間十分短暫,因而并沒有太多收集資料的時間,该线基本上按照次大陆的宗教分布划分,在劃定之後也引發了一些糾紛。在孟加拉旁遮普的部分地區,如吉大港山區,國境的劃分引起了爭執。此外,该线仅划分了英属印度诸省,不包括边界附近半独立的土邦。印巴分治同时造成了分布在两国新边界线的“错误一边”的穆斯林人口和印度教徒的大遷徙。[4]

该线构成了现今印度与孟加拉国边界、印度与巴基斯坦边界的主要无争议地段,印巴边界的另外一段是双方在克什米尔争议地区划定的“控制线”,构成了事实上的分界线,但尚未被两国正式承认为边界。[5]

參考資料

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  1. ^ Chester, L. "The 1947 Partition: Drawing the Indo-Pakistani Boundary页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)." American Diplomacy, February 2002. (Well referenced article)
  2. ^ Read, A. and Fisher, D. (1997). The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence. New York: Norton.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Nicholas Mansergh, ed. The Transfer of Power, 1942-47.
  4. ^ Smitha, F. The US and Britain in Asia, to 1960页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). MacroHistory website, 2001.
  5. ^ Heward, E. The Great and the Good: A Life of Lord Radcliffe. Chichester: Barry Rose Publishers, 1994.

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雷德克里夫線
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