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雙曲正弦

雙曲正弦
性質
奇偶性
定義域 (-∞,∞)
到達域 (-∞,∞)
特定值
當x=0 0
當x=+∞ +∞
當x=-∞ -∞
最大值 +∞
最小值 -∞
其他性質
渐近线 N/A
0
臨界點 N/A
拐點 0

在數學中,雙曲正弦是一種雙曲函數,是雙曲幾何中,與歐幾里得幾何的正弦函數相對應的函數。雙曲正弦可以視為正弦函數的類似物,然而雙曲正弦不具備週期性,且在定義域為實數的情況下,其值域也包括了整個實數域。一般的正弦可以表示為單位圓上特定角構成之弦長的一半,或該角與圓之交點的y座標;而雙曲正弦則代表單位雙曲線上特定雙曲角構成之雙曲弦長的一半,或該雙曲角與單位雙曲線之交點的y座標。雙曲正弦一般以sinh表示[1],在部分較舊的文獻中有時會以表示。[2]

定義

雙曲正弦一般計為[3](有時會簡寫為[4]),其在複變分析中定義為:[5]

其中複變指數函數日语複素指数函数

複數域雙曲正弦的色相環複變函數圖形

也就是說,雙曲正弦等同於指數函數與其倒數之差的一半[6]。雙曲正弦也可以視為自然指數函數奇函數部分英语Even–odd decomposition#Even–odd decomposition[7]

在雙曲幾何中,雙曲正弦函數類似於歐幾里得幾何中的正弦函數。[8]

性質

一般性質

  • 雙曲正弦在實數中是一個連續函數,在複數中是一個全純函數,因此在整個複數域中雙曲正弦處處可微,其導函數為雙曲餘弦函數。[9]
  • 雙曲正弦是一個奇函數。[10]
  • 在實數域中,雙曲正弦是一個嚴格遞增函數。其中在區間上是凹函數、在區間上是凸函數[9]

三角學性質

根據雙曲正弦與雙曲餘弦的指數定義,可以推得:[8][11]

其與經典的歐拉公式類似。

時,有以下恆等式:[8][12]

[8]

特殊值

雙曲正弦存在一些特殊值[5]

其中為黃金比例

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ (1999) Collins Concise Dictionary, 4th edition, HarperCollins, Glasgow, ISBN 0 00 472257 4, p. 1386
  2. ^ Dr. Franz Brzoska, Walter Bartsch, Mathematische Formelsammlung. 2. verbesserte, Fachbuchverlag Leipzig. 1956 (德文) 
  3. ^ ISO 80000-2:2009. International Organization for Standardization. [1 July 2010]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-26). 
  4. ^ Gradshteyn, Izrail Solomonovich; Ryzhik, Iosif Moiseevich. Table of Integrals, Series, and Products 6. Academic Press, Inc. 2000. ISBN 978-0-12-294757-5. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Weisstein, Eric W. (编). Hyperbolic Sine. at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. (英语). 
  6. ^ sinh 双曲正弦. mathworks. [2021-07-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-12). 
  7. ^ Richard Hensh. Even and Odd Parts of an Exponential Function (PDF). math.msu.edu. [2021-07-11]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-07-11). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Weisstein, Eric W. (编). Hyperbolic Functions. at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. [2020-08-29] (英语). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 The hyperbolic functions (PDF). mathcentre.ac.uk. [2021-07-11]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-19). 
  10. ^ Hyperbolic Functions (PDF). teaching.martahidegkuti.com. [2021-09-15]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-01-13). 
  11. ^ Hyperbolic Functions. www.mathsisfun.com. [2020-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-03). 
  12. ^ Osborn, G. Mnemonic for hyperbolic formulae. The Mathematical Gazette. July 1902, 2 (34): 189 [2021-09-15]. JSTOR 3602492. doi:10.2307/3602492. (原始内容存档于2021-11-01). 
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雙曲正弦
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