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雄王誕

雄王誕
越南语名称
國語字 Giỗ Tổ Hùng Vương / Lễ hội đền Hùng
汉喃 𣋼祖雄王 / 禮會殿雄
學校內祭祀雄王的祭壇

雄王誕越南語:Giỗ Tổ Hùng Vương / 𣋼祖雄王 或 Lễ hội đền Hùng / 禮會殿雄)是越南於農曆三月初十日紀念雄王(鴻龐氏)的日子;2007開始,雄王誕為越南的國定假日之一,也是越南公眾假日中唯二屬於越南傳統節日的假日之一(另一個以傳統節日為假期的是農曆新年)。[1][2][3][4][5]

雄王誕為紀念第一位在越南建國的領袖雄王,在2007年以前為地方性節日;2016年,雄王誕出遊的遊客總數達到700萬。[6]

雖然雄王誕的官方名稱是「雄王忌日」(越南語:Giỗ Tổ Hùng Vương),但並沒有確實指出雄王的具體逝世日期。[7]

2012年12月6日,聯合國教科文組織將雄王誕列為世界非物質文化遺產。可以知道雄王節對越南國民具有非常重要的意義。[8]

節日起源

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傳説,雄王六世想傳位給兒子,於是把他們都叫來,説:「春節快要到了,誰能夠找到有意義的美食祭拜祖先,我就把王位傳給誰」。雄王的第十八位兒子叫節遼,性格和善,很有道德,非常孝順。由於母親早逝,沒人指導,節遼一直很擔心,不知該向雄王遞送什麼食物。

一天,節遼做夢,夢中有一位神仙跟他説:「天下稻米是最珍貴,因為人靠米而活。你用糯米作食物,一個做成圓形,另一個做成方形,圓的象徵天,方的象徵地。天為父,地為母。你把餡兒放在裏面,然後用葉子包起來,意味着父母生成養育、擁護孩子。節遼按照神仙的話去做,最終被雄王選為繼位人。

庆祝活動

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雖然雄王誕定在農曆三月初十作為紀念日,但事實上紀念雄王的活動在農曆三月初十的前幾週就開始了,並在雄王廟舉行了遊行和祭典。

雄王誕當日會舉行兩個活動:

  • 轎子遊行:雄王誕當天,富壽省越池市義嶺山上的雄王廟會舉行遊行儀式。而義嶺山也被認為是越南第一個建國的地方。在這一天當地人會身著傳統服飾抬轎上山,進廟供奉,並在那裡舉行祭典儀式;吸引許多越南其他省市民眾攜老帶眷參加。
  • 祭祀雄王:雄王誕當天會用象徵「天」的圓形粽子(Bánh giầy)與象徵「地」的方形粽子(Bánh chưng)祭祀,象徵天地父母用以感念父母養育之恩。

雄王節背後相當重要的意涵代表著孝順與飲水思源,感念先人們的辛勞開墾與付出。即便對年輕一輩的人而言,不會再有一生一定要去一次祭拜的想法,但由於清明節在越南並非公眾假日,不少家庭便會在雄王節這天去掃墓。[9]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Vietnamese nationals return for Hung Kings' death anniversary. VOV. [2009-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-07). 
  2. ^ One day off to celebrate Vietnamese founders. Ho Chi Minh City's government. [2009-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-26). 
  3. ^ NA meets on threshold of legislative elections. VietNamNet. [2009-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2008-04-06). 
  4. ^ Hung Kings' Temple Festival - A Pilgrimage To The Sacred Land of Vietnam's Ancestry. Embassy of Vietnam in USA. [2009-05-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-03). 
  5. ^ NA meets on threshold of legislative elections. National Assembly of Vietnam. [2009-05-17]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-27). 
  6. ^ Seven million visitors expected to attend Hung Kings festival in northern Vietnam. 2 October 2012 [16 April 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-22). 
  7. ^ Hung King Temple Festival. vietnam-beauty. [10 August 2011]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-22). 
  8. ^ Worship of Hùng kings in Phú Thọ页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), UNESCO 3/12/2012
  9. ^ 存档副本. [2023-04-14]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-01). 

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雄王誕
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