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隨機存取

比較隨機存取(下)及循序存取(上)。

隨機存取(英語:random access),亦稱直接存取direct access),代表同一時間存取一組序列中的一個隨意元件。反之則稱循序存取,即是需要更多時間去存取一個遠端元件。介分兩者的傳統圖解就似比較一軸古代畫卷(循序︰所有在元件之前的物料必須事先捲開)及一本圖書(隨機︰可以隨時翻至任何一頁)。而更近現代的例子就如比較卡式磁帶(循序︰必須跳過前面的歌曲才可聆聽後面的歌曲)及一張CD(隨機︰可隨意跳至任意處)。不過,RAM一詞卻被用以作為電腦中的半導體晶片記憶體電路。

數據結構中,隨機存取暗指可由一堆數字之中,能夠持續存取N值的能力,而且除了數組(及相關結構,例如動態陣列)以外,絕少數據結構能夠作出類似程序。另外,隨機存取對不少算法,如快速排序二元搜尋而言不可或缺。其他數據結構,如合併排序,則憑隨機存取作出有效率的輸入、刪除抑或搜尋功能。

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隨機存取
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