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阿拉霍西亞

約公元前300年的阿拉霍西亞

阿拉霍西亞(Arachosia)是古代阿契美尼德帝國塞琉西帝國孔雀王朝帕提亞帝國的一個行省的希臘名稱,它包括現今阿富汗東南部及巴基斯坦和印度的部份地區。赫爾曼丹河(Helmand River)流經阿拉霍西亞並提供南阿富汗最肥沃的土地。當中最大的城市坎大哈,據說是由亞歷山大大帝建立及命名。

阿拉霍西亞在巴克特里亞正南方,以興都庫什山脈為界。南面是格德羅西亞(即現今俾路支省)、西面是德蘭吉安納(現今錫斯坦),而東面則是印度河。西北地區有Pactyans,一個古印度–依朗部族(梨俱吠陀的Pakthas),他們可能是現今普什圖族的祖先。南及東南區有羅普拉提人(據信是印度的羅希拉人、拉傑普特人及阿富汗人的共同祖先)和歐里塔人(阿臘塔人或阿羅拉人)

亞歷山大大帝時期的阿拉霍西亞

阿拉霍西亞的北面及西北面部份屬於米底王國的領土。公元前六世紀,居魯士二世征服阿拉霍西亞其餘地區,將阿契美尼德帝國的疆界推进至印度河。公元前325年,马其顿帝国亞歷山大大帝征服了整个波斯帝国,直至印度河。其後,先後成為塞琉西帝國希臘-巴克特里亞王國(Greco-Bactrian Kingdom)的辖区。南及東南地區保留着佛教及印度教文化,直至公元7世紀中后期阿拉伯帝国的入侵。

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阿拉霍西亞
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