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间离效果.
间离效果(英語:Distancing effect;德語:Verfremdungseffekt),又称陌生化效果、疏離,是德国戏剧理论家、劇作家布莱希特所提出的戏剧表演理论,是指将观众疏远于戏剧或电影,这被布莱希特称为敘事詩劇場(德語:Episches Theater)。布莱希特認為戲劇應為政治服務;觀眾對舞台上的戲劇投射情感會妨礙觀眾的冷靜判斷。在劇本的創作上,他多以異國的、模糊的時空背景,並運用說書人講述故事,以達到觀眾與劇情間的疏離效果。
间离效果要求“演员不能表现出在(舞台)周围的三面墙之外有第四面牆存在……,观众也不再有『自己作为真实事件的隱形观察者』的错觉”(Willett 91)。直接对观众说话就是破坏舞台错觉并制造间离效果的一种方式。在表演中,当表演者“观察自己”时,他的目的是“为了让观众觉得奇怪甚至惊讶,他通过像陌生人一样审视他和他的工作来达到这一目的。”(Willett 92)关于“敘事詩劇場”和布莱希特式戏剧,教师和学者仍有争议:布莱希特的“间离效果”究竟指的是观众还是演员还是两者皆有呢?
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