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閻應元

閻應元(?—1645年),皕亨,一作麗亨中国北京通州人,末地方官員、抗清名將,崇禎末年任江陰典史。在江陰抵抗滿清攻城八十一日,使清軍連折三王、十八將,殺清军七万五千人,史称「江陰八十一日」;城破後不屈就義,清兵憤而屠城,是為江陰九九之禍。與一同守城的陳明遇、馮厚敦并稱為「江陰抗清三公」。

簡介

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崇禎十七年(1644年)任江陰典史,因討伐進犯黃田港的海盜顧三麻子有功,升任英德(今屬廣東省主簿

1645年夏,在满清大军南下的过程中江阴降清,清朝颁布了剃发令。迅速激起了民众的反感,阴历六月二十八日江阴人民请愿,保留发式,辱罵縣令方亨:“你身为中国进士,头戴纱帽,身穿圆领,来做鞑靼知县,不知道羞耻吗?”方亨暂停所议。

南明弘光元年六月二十一日,贝勒博洛命明朝降將劉良佐江陰,七月初一日开始攻城,閻應元被典史陳明遇等推為领袖,“治楼橹,修堵谍” ,乡兵设伏四郊[1],固守江陰共八十一日,帶傷奮戰,毙清军七萬五千餘人,包括亲王三名,大将军十八名。刘良佐亲作《劝民歌》,希望江阴投降,应元怒道:“有降将军,无降典史。”

七月底多鐸聞知江陰久攻不下,派恭順王孔有德“率所部兵協攻”,又派貝勒博洛和尼堪紅夷大炮前往,限三日破城。七月二十日至二十七日,清兵轮番攻城不息。八月二十一日,博洛以二百余座大炮搬到花家坝,专打东北城。穿透洞门十三重。清兵潜渡城河。破城之日,阎应元在东城城门上題“八十日带发效忠,表太祖十七朝人物,十万人同心死义,留大明三百里江山。”城內依然拚死巷戰,“竟無一人降者”。閻應元身中數箭,投水自盡,被清兵拉出水面後刺斷脛骨令其下跪,禁於栖霞庵,有僧人聞“速杀我”之聲不絕,天明時不屈而死。陈明遇見勢不可為,焚死其一家老小四十三人,出與清兵力戰,身负重创,身死僵立墙邊。

八月二十二日,博洛下令屠城三日,幸存者仅五十三人。《江阴城守后纪》总结:“有明之季,士林无羞恶之心。居高官、享重名者,以蒙面乞降为得意;而封疆大帅,无不反戈内向。独陈、阎二典史乃于一城见义。向使守京口如是,则江南不至拱手献人矣。”

参考文献

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引用

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  1. ^ 南疆逸史·阎应元》

来源

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书籍
  • [清]韓菼:《江陰城守紀》
  • [清]許重熙:《江阴城守后纪》
  • [清]吳偉業:《鹿樵紀聞》

参见

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閻應元
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