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钒酸盐

正钒酸根阴离子

钒酸盐的含氧酸盐,一般情况下,钒酸盐的中心原子处于其最高氧化态+5。最简单的钒酸盐含有四面体VO3−
4
阴离子,称作正钒酸盐,存在于正钒酸钠V2O5的强碱性(pH>13)溶液中[1]。通常,该离子只表示出一个双键,但它是该离子的共振形式,因为离子是具有四个等价氧原子的正四面体。

钒酸盐溶液

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五氧化二钒溶解于强碱性溶液中,得到无色的VO3−
4
离子。酸化时,溶液的颜色逐渐变深,由橙色变为红色(pH≈7时)。在pH=2时,棕色的V2O5水合物沉淀出来,之后形成浅黄色的含[VO2(H2O)4]+离子的溶液。pH在2至13之间,钒酸根阴离子以不同的形式存在,浓度也会影响其存在形式。例如,钒酸盐的酸化会得到缩合产物:[2]

  • pH 9–12; HVO2−
    4
    , V
    2
    O4−
    7
  • pH 4–9; H
    2
    VO
    4
    , V
    4
    O4−
    12
    , HV
    10
    O5−
    28
  • pH 2–4; H3VO4, H
    2
    V
    10
    O4−
    28

参考文献

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  1. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 6th, New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1999, ISBN 0-471-19957-5 
  2. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.
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钒酸盐
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