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鋸齒龍科

锯齿龙科
化石时期:265–252 Ma
二疊紀中期至晚期
二疊紀晚期俄羅斯盾甲龍
无效状况
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
演化支 副爬行動物 Parareptilia
目: 前棱蜥形目 Procolophonomorpha
分支点 錨頭型類 Ankyramorpha
亚目: 前棱蜥亚目 Procolophonia
演化支 鋸齒龍型類 Pareiasauromorpha
总科: 锯齿龙超科 Pareiasauroidea
科: 锯齿龙科 Pareiasauridae
Lydekker, 1889

鋸齒龍科(学名:Pareiasauridae)又譯颊龍,是一类副爬行動物,繁盛於二疊紀中期至晚期,是晚古生代非常特别的植食性副爬行動物。

這些動物的體型矮胖,中型到大型(身長60cm到3m長),有非常大的身體(推测重達600公斤)、強壯的四肢、寬大的腳掌、相对小的頭部、短尾巴。牠們由皮膚上的骨質甲片所保護,形成對掠食動物的防護。但牠們的最奇特處,是笨重頭骨延伸出奇特突起物與隆起物。

鋸齒龍類的牙齒呈葉狀、多尖頭,類似鬣蜥卡色龍科與其他草食性爬行動物的牙齒。牠們的肋骨宽大形成寬廣的体腔(可能具有龐大的消化系統),顯示這些有着恐怖外表的爬行動物,其實是植食性動物。

据研究表示其包含的瘤头龙属(Bunostegos)是最早实现四足完全直立的羊膜动物[1]

在1997年,有科學家提出鋸齒龍類最终進化成烏龜。牠們都属于无孔类,具有很多相似的特征,其中最重要的一点是數種鋸齒龍類的甲片已經進化成骨板,也許是龜殼的前驅[2]。在2005年的大規模鋸齒龍類演化關係研究,則提出烏龜是小型鋸齒龍類的近親,例如:Pumiliopareia[3]。然而,批評者指出這理論有問題,例如鋸齒龍類的鱗甲與烏龜的龜殼的不相似,這可能是同源演化的後果[4]。最新的分子学实验研究支持龟鳖类起源于双孔类的观点[5],其导致龟鳖类起源于鋸齒龍類的理論破产。

大眾文化

[编辑]

參考資料 / 連結

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  1. ^ Turner, M. L., et al. (2015). "The Vertebrate Fauna of the Upper Permian of Niger-Ix. The Appendicular Skeleton of Bunostegos Akokanensis (Parareptilia: Pareiasauria)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(6).
  2. ^ Lee, M.S.Y. (1997). "Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 120(3): 197-280. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb01279.x
  3. ^ Jalil, N.-E. and Janvier, P. (2005). "Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc." Geodiversitas, 27(1) : 35-132.
  4. ^ deBraga, M. and Rieppel, O. (1997). "Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 120: 281-354.
  5. ^ Wang, Zhuo; Pascual-Anaya, Juan; Zadissa, Amonida; Li, Wenqi; Niimura, Yoshihito; Huang, Zhiyong; Li, Chunyi; White, Simon; Xiong, Zhiqiang. The draft genomes of soft-shell turtle and green sea turtle yield insights into the development and evolution of the turtle-specific body plan. Nature Genetics. 2013-04-28, 45 (6): 701–706. ISSN 1061-4036. doi:10.1038/ng.2615. 
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鋸齒龍科
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