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钍衰变链

钍衰变链原始放射性核素英语Primordial nuclide钍-232衰變鏈,是自然界中現存的三大衰變鏈之一。該衰變鏈的起始核素為钍-232,半衰期長達140億年,衰变产物包括以下几种元素的短壽命放射性同位素,它们都短暂或长期地存在于任何含有元素的矿藏化合物合金中。該衰變鏈的最終產物為穩定鉛-208

本衰變鏈中的每個核素的質量數皆為4的倍數(A = 4n),故本衰變鏈亦稱為4n + 0系列。[1]

該鏈從釷-232衰變成鉛-208所釋放的總能量(包括放出微中子損失的能量)為42.6MeV

核素 旧元素符号 旧称 衰变形式 半衰期 释放能量,MeV[a] 衰变产物
252Cf α 2.645年 6.1181 248Cm
248Cm α 3.4×105 6.260 244Pu
244Pu α 8×107 4.589 240U
240U β 14.1小時 .39 240Np
240Np β 1.032小時 2.2 240Pu
240Pu α 6561年 5.1683 236U
236U 钍铀(Thoruranium)[2] α 2.3·107 4.494 232Th
232Th Th (Thorium) α 1.405·1010 4.081 228Ra
228Ra MsTh1 新钍1(Mesothorium 1) β 5.75年 0.046 228Ac
228Ac MsTh2 新钍2(Mesothorium 2) β 6.15小時 2.124 228Th
228Th RdTh 射钍(Radiothorium) α 1.9116年 5.520 224Ra
224Ra ThX 钍X(Thorium X) α 3.6319天 5.789 220Rn
220Rn Tn 钍射气(Thoron) α 55.6秒 6.404 216Po
216Po ThA 钍A(Thorium A) α 0.145秒 6.906 212Pb
212Pb ThB 钍B(Thorium B) β 10.64小時 0.570 212Bi
212Bi ThC 钍C(Thorium C) β 64.06%
α 35.94%
60.55分鐘 2.252
6.208
212Po
208Tl
212Po ThC' 钍C'(Thorium C') α 299奈秒 8.955 208Pb
208Tl ThC" 钍C"(Thorium C") β 3.053分鐘 4.999 208Pb
208Pb - - 稳定 -
  1. ^ “释放能量”不等于衰变射线的能量。如果为α衰变,α粒子能量比“释放能量”偏小。如果为β衰变,β射线能量为连续谱,最大不超过该能量。详细衰变数据可参考:Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project 整理的相关数据: https://web.archive.org/web/20061205022425/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm 或者 NNDC, Brookhaven National Laboratory 整理的相关数据:http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 。

參見

[编辑]
  • 錼衰變鏈A = 4n + 1的衰變系列。地球早期曾經存在的衰變鏈。
  • 鈾衰變鏈A = 4n + 2的衰變系列。天然存在的三大衰變鏈之一。
  • 錒衰變鏈A = 4n + 3的衰變系列。天然存在的三大衰變鏈之一。

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 葉錫溶 蔡長書. 放射化學(第二版). 台灣台北縣: 新文京開發出版股份有限公司. 2008-03-26. ISBN 978-986-150-830-6 (中文(臺灣)). 
  2. ^ Trenn, Thaddeus J. Thoruranium (U-236) as the extinct natural parent of thorium: The premature falsification of an essentially correct theory. Annals of Science. 1978, 35 (6): 581–97. doi:10.1080/00033797800200441. 
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钍衰变链
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