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玉衣

西汉僖山一号墓刘遂的金缕玉衣。玉衣出土时已经散乱,经修复后,玉衣长度为1.76米,由2008块玉片用金丝编缀而成

玉衣又稱玉匣玉柙,為中國漢朝皇帝與王公后妃所用的喪葬殮服,存在時間約為公元前200年至200年的四百年間。穿在死者的此類型衣飾主要組成為玉片,並視死者階級分等級以金絲、銀絲或銅線串起玉片與之編成。其中以金絲鉤成的玉衣又稱金縷玉衣金縷衣[1]。玉衣可能來自於周朝的綴玉面罩或綴玉衣服。首度出現約為文景之治,會以玉衣作為貴族死者的殮服,最重要因素是漢朝宮室相信玉具有防腐功能,可永保死者生前的原貌。

西漢時期,除了漢朝皇帝皇后之外,金縷玉衣也大量使用於各诸侯王東漢時期,金縷衣則只限於皇帝與皇后。其他級別的人物只能用銀縷或銅縷。曹魏黃初三年(公元222年),曹丕鑒於漢朝皇陵多遭盜掘,下令禁止穿著玉衣下葬,玉衣開始退出歷史舞台[2]

文學作品

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簡稱「金縷衣」的金縷玉衣於漢朝之後常於中文詩文作品中,被引申為極高貴的衣裳,例子有唐代詩人杜秋娘的作品。

《金縷衣》 杜秋娘

勸君莫惜金縷衣,勸君惜取少年時。
花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝。

作者在詩中嘆人生短促,並勸人要把握時光。

图集

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參考來源

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  1. ^ 米艾尼. 揭秘:滿城漢墓發掘過程中的驚險和神秘. 北京日報. 2018年1月9日 [2018年1月12日]. (原始内容存档于2018年1月12日). 
  2. ^ 《秦汉文明》. 吕章申主编 北京时代华文书局 2017 第202页. 
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玉衣
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