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折現率

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折現率(英語:Discount rate)或稱重貼現率,是根据资金具有时间价值这一特性,按复利计息原理把未来一定时期的预期收益折合成现值的一种比率。折現率是要將投資的未來效益折現,不許先決定利率。利率的決定有多重方法,有些公司很武斷的決定,有些公司以公司現行的資產報酬率為基礎,也有公司採用零風險的利率為基礎,如五年期政府公債利率加上風險溢價,即依據不同投資風險給予不等的利率加碼,例如在跨國公司可能針對不同投資行為給予不同的利率加減碼。折現時,利率越高,未來現金流量的折現值就越低,也就是說投資評估越保守。

如果一个公司的经营风险高(即此公司的资产价值在将来有很大的不确定性,人们认为很大机会会下跌),由于投资者所承受的风险上升,那么所有投资者对此公司索要的报酬率便自然高。而折现率正是一个反映可以补偿将来资产价值贬值的利率。

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折現率
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