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引力透镜效应

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引力透镜 型式強透鏡微透鏡弱透鏡 強透鏡系統 阿貝爾1689阿貝爾2218CL0024+17Bullet ClusterQSO2237+0305SDSSJ0946+1006B1359+154QSO 0957+561 巡天 Strong: CLASSSLACS (SDSS) Micro: OGLE Weak: DLSPan-STARRSCFHTLS . DESLSSTSNAPDESTINY .mw-parser-output .hlist ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist li,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li:after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li:after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li:after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)" ";white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)" "}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}

引力透镜效應(英語:gravitational lensing),根據廣義相對論,就是當背景光源发出的在引力场(比如星系星系團黑洞)附近經過時,光线會像通過透鏡一樣發生彎曲。光线弯曲的程度主要取决于引力场的强弱。分析背景光源的扭曲,可以帮助研究中间作為“透镜”的引力场的性质。根据尺度与效果的不同,引力透镜效应可以分为强引力透镜效应和弱引力透镜效应。

一般从数学上来讲,面质量密度()大于1的为强引力透镜区域,小于1的为弱引力透镜区域。在强透镜区域一般可以形成多个背景源的,甚至圆弧(又称“爱因斯坦环”,Einstein Ring),而弱透镜区域则只产生比较小的扭曲。强透镜方法通过对爱因斯坦环的曲率和多个像的位置的分析,可以估计测量透镜天体质量。弱透镜方法通过对大量背景源像的统计分析,可以估算大尺度范围天体质量分布,并被认为是现在宇宙学中最好的测量暗物质的方法。

1980年,天文学家观测到类星体Q0957+561发出的光在它前方的一个星系的引力作用下弯曲,形成了两个一模一样的类星体的像。这是人类第一次观察到引力透镜效应。

星系引力透镜效应
重力透镜效应模拟

效應描述

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重力透鏡效應造成的愛因斯坦十字
引力透镜效应

参见

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外部链接

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引力透镜效应
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