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酸根离子

酸根离子电离时产生的阴离子。常见的酸根离子有:NO3-(硝酸根),SO42-(硫酸根),CO32-(碳酸根),HCO3-(碳酸氢根),MnO4-(高锰酸根),Cl- (氯离子)等。是构成的基本成分。[1][2]

颜色

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常見離子顏色
名稱 化學式 顏色
高錳酸根離子 MnO4- 紫色
錳酸根離子 MnO42- 綠色
鉻酸根離子 CrO42- 黃色
重鉻酸根離子 Cr2O72- 橙色

电离

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酸根离子一般都与盐或酸结合,这里以酸的电离为例(含有氢离子的酸根离子无法形成酸):

含有氢离子的部分酸根离子还可以再解離,这里以硫酸氢根为例(必须是是强酸形成的才可以再完全解离):


弱酸生成的含有氢离子的酸根离子不能完全解离,这里以KSH(硫氢化钾)为例:

少部分(大约十分之一)HS还可以再次解离

[3]

依照酸鹼質子理論,酸根是酸的共軛鹼,若酸的酸性越強,表示其共軛鹼的鹼性越弱[1][2]

化学性质

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与阳离子反应(前提是生成沉淀气体弱电解质)例如:

含有氢离子且无法完全电离的的酸根离子可与氢氧根离子反应

[2][4][5][6][7]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 化学(九年级上册). 人民教育出版社. 2012. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 化工辞典. 化学工业出版社. 2001. ISBN 9787502525972. 
  3. ^ 化学(必修一). 人民教育出版社. 2004. 
  4. ^ 化学(必修1). 人民教育出版社. 2012. 
  5. ^ 化学(化学与生活). 人民教育出版社. 2012. 
  6. ^ 化学(化学与技术). 人民教育出版社. 2012. 
  7. ^ 化学(化学反应原理). 人民教育出版社. 2012. 
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酸根离子
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