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郤縠.
郤縠(?—前632年),姬姓,郤氏,名縠,春秋时代晋国公族,也是晋国第一任中军将。
公子重耳流亡国外的时候,栾枝、郤縠、狐突、先轸是他的内应[1]。前637年十二月,栾枝、郤縠等人听说重耳在秦国,都暗中来劝重耳回国,于是秦穆公就派军队护送重耳回晋国,派人先通知栾枝、郤縠的党徒作内应。不久,晋怀公被杀,重耳回国即位[2][3]。
前633年冬,楚成王包围了宋国,宋国向晋国求救。晋国在被庐举行蒐礼阅兵,建立了三个军,晋文公问赵衰谁能担任中军将,赵衰说:“郤縠可以。他即便五十岁了,还坚持学习,而且更加重视学习。我屡次听到郤縠的话,他喜爱礼乐重视《诗经》和《尚书》。先王制定的《诗经》和《尚书》这些法规典籍,是道德信义的宝库;礼乐则是道德的表率;道德信义,是人民的根本,利益的基础。重视这些的人,是不会忘记百姓的。《夏书》说:‘有益的话全部采纳,考察效果加以试验,如果成功,用车马衣服作为酬劳。’您不妨试一下!”[4]晋文公采纳了赵衰的建议,以郤縠为中军将,执掌国家大政[5][6][7]。
前632年春季,晋军为救援宋国,从南河渡过黄河,入侵曹国、攻打卫国,夺取了五鹿,二月,郤縠去世,先轸继任为中军将[8]。
- ^ 《春秋经传集解·昭公十三年》:有栾、郤、狐、先以为内主。谓栾枝、郤縠、狐突、先轸也。
- ^ 《史记·卷三十九·晋世家第九》:十二月,晋国大夫栾、郤等闻重耳在秦,皆阴来劝重耳、赵衰等反国,为内应甚众。
- ^ 《史记·卷三十九·晋世家第九》:秦缪公乃发兵送内重耳,使人告栾、郤之党为内应,杀怀公於高梁,入重耳。重耳立,是为文公。
- ^ 《国语·卷十·晋语四》:文公问元帅于赵衰,对曰:“郤縠可,行年五十矣,守学弥惇。夫先王之法志,德义之府也。夫德义,生民之本也。能惇笃者,不忘百姓也。请使郤縠。”公从之。
- ^ 《左传·僖公二十七年》:于是乎蒐于被庐,作三军。谋元帅。赵衰曰:“郤縠可。臣亟闻其言矣,说礼乐而敦《诗》、《书》。《诗》、《书》,义之府也。礼乐,德之则也。德义,利之本也。《夏书》曰:‘赋纳以言,明试以功,车服以庸。’君其试之。”及使郤縠将中军,郤溱佐之;使狐偃将上军,让于狐毛,而佐之;命赵衰为卿,让于栾枝、先轸。使栾枝将下军,先轸佐之。
- ^ 《国语·卷十·晋语四》:乃大蒐于被庐,作三军。使郤縠将中军,以为大政,郤溱佐之。
- ^ 《史记·卷三十九·晋世家第九》:赵衰举郤縠将中军,郤臻佐之;使狐偃将上军,狐毛佐之,命赵衰为卿;栾枝将下军,先轸佐之;荀林父御戎,魏犨为右:往伐。
- ^ 《左传·僖公二十八年》:二十八年春,晋侯将伐曹,假道于卫,卫人弗许。还,自南河济。侵曹伐卫。正月戊申,取五鹿。二月,晋郤縠卒。原轸将中军,胥臣佐下军,上德也。
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