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郑国 (水工).
郑国(?—?),中国战国时期末年韩国人,著名的水利工程師。曾为秦国在关中平原地区筑渠三百余里,号称郑国渠。郑国獲后世奉为“水神”,關中農民多所奉祀[1]。
战国末年,韩国听说秦王政喜欢大兴土木,就想以此消耗秦国的国力,使秦国无法向东用兵,韩国便让水工郑国找机会游说秦国,让秦国凿通泾水,从中山以西到瓠口修一条水渠,出北山向东流入洛水长三百余里,用来灌溉农田。工程期間,郑国的预谋被发現,秦王打算杀掉郑国。郑国说:“臣一开始是韩国間諜,但是水渠修成以后,确实对秦国有利。臣只是为韩国延续几年的国祚,却是为秦国建立万世的功业。”秦王认为他说得对,最终命令郑国继续修渠。渠成后,引淤积混浊的泾河水灌溉两岸低洼的盐碱地四万多顷,亩产都达到六石四斗,从此关中成为沃野,再没有饥荒,秦国富强起来,最后吞并了各诸侯国,渠也因此命名为郑国渠[2][3][4]。
- ^ 《咸阳风物传说》梁澄清、姚友访著,三秦出版社
- ^ 《史记·卷二十九·河渠书第七》:而韩闻秦之好兴事,欲罢之,毋令东伐,乃使水工郑国间说秦,令凿泾水自中山西邸瓠口为渠,北山东注洛三百馀里,欲以溉田。中作而觉,秦欲杀郑国。郑国曰:“始臣为间,然渠成亦秦之利也。”秦以为然,卒使就渠。渠就,用注填阏之水,溉泽卤之地四万馀顷,收皆亩一钟。於是关中为沃野,无凶年,秦以富彊,卒并诸侯,因命曰郑国渠。
- ^ 《汉书·卷二十九·沟洫志第九》:其后韩闻秦之好兴事,欲罢之,无令东伐。及使水工郑国间说秦,令凿泾水,自中山西邸瓠口为渠,并北山,东注洛,三百余里,欲以溉田。中作而觉,秦欲杀郑国。郑国曰:“始臣为间,然渠成亦秦之利也。臣为韩延数岁之命,而为秦建万世之功。”秦以为然,卒使就渠。渠成而用注填阏之水,溉舄卤之地四万余顷,收皆亩一钟。于是关中为沃野,无凶年,秦以富强,卒并诸侯,因名曰郑国渠。
- ^ 《史记索隐·卷二十九·河渠书第七》:索隐沟洫志郑国云“臣为韩延数岁之命,为秦建万代之功”是也。
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